C.  G.  GUNTHER'S  SONS, 


Fur  Dealers  and  Furriers, 

184   FIFTH  A  V EN U E 


(Broadway  and  23d  Street), 


(LATE  502  &  504  BROADWAY,) 


NEW  YORK, 


IMPORTERS,  MANUFACTURERS,  AND  SHIPPERS  OF 


Ladies'  Furs,  Fur  Robes  and  Skins, 
Gents'  Furs,  Children's  Furs. 


MOUSE  ESTABLISHED  1820,  BY  CHRISTIAN  G.  GUNTHER. 


NJSW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMEXTS. 


A.  T.  STEWART  &  COl> 


IMPORTERS,  MANUFACTURERS,  JOBBERS, 

AXD  DEALERS  IN 

DRY  GOODS 

Of  Every  Description \ 

1NTEW  YORK. 

RueBergere  Paris.  I  John  Street  Glasgow. 

Minshull  Street  Manchester.    Station  Street  Nottingham. 

Hegel  Platz,  N.  W  Berlin.  I  Well  Street  Bradford. 

Rue  de  la  Bourse   .Lyons.    Innere  Klosterstrasse  Chemnitz. 

Wellington  Place  Belfast.  !  Chestnut  Street  Philadelphia. 

Winthrop  Square  Boston. 

THE  LATEST  EUROPEAN  NOVELTIES 

Received  by  Kvery  Steamer, 

TOGETHER  WITH 

AN  EXTENSIVE  ASSORTMENT 


OF 


POPULAH  DUESS  GOODS, 


AT  THE  LOWEST  MARKET  PRICES. 


WHOLESALE, 

Broadway,  Chambers  and  Reade  Streets 

RETAIL, 

Broadway,  4th  Avenue,  9th  and  10th  Sts. 

CHICAGrO, 
Wabash  Avenue  and  Washington  Street. 


u 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. 


MANUFACTURERS. 


KINGSFORDS 

OSWEGO 

PURE  AND  SILVER  GLOSS 

STARCH 


FOR  THE 


KINGSFORDS 

OSWEGO 
PULVERIZED 

CORN  STARCH 


PREPARED  BY 


Mannfactnrei  Hy  T.  KIMSFORD  &  SON, 

Has  become  a  household  necessity.    Its  great  excel- 
lence has  merited  the  commendation  of  Europe 
for  American  manufacture. 


T.  K1NGSFORD  &  SON, 


EXFBBSSLY  V 


r  Oil 


When  it  is  properly  made  into  puddings,  is  a  dessert 
of  great  excellence. 


Wherever  placed  by  us  on  exhibition,  Kingsford's  Starch  and  Corn  Starch 
have  always  obtained  the  HIGHEST  PRIZE  MEDAL. 


M  C.  CHJtPIlsr,  General  Agent, 

146  DUANE  STREET.  NEW  YORK. 


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NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


TTTHAT  Boswell  said  of  London  is  scarcely  less  true  of  New  York. 

*  »  Its  aspects  are  manifold,  and,  while  each  man  finds  in  it  the 
Mecca  of  his  pursuits,  it  comprehends  not  one  class  alone,  but  the  whole 
of  human  life  in  all  its  variety.  The  island  upon  which  the  city  is  built 
is  about  thirteen  and  a  half  miles  in  length,  one  mile  and  three-fifths 
broad,  on  an  average,  and  is  bounded  about  eight  miles  from  its  southern 
extremity  by  the  Harlem  River,  which,  with  Spuyten  Duyvel  Creek,  con- 
nects the  Hudson  River  and  the  Long-Island  Sound.  It  is  surrounded 
by  water,  navigable  for  the  most  part  to  the  largest  vessels,  and  its  harbor  is  one  of  the  safest,  largest,  and  most 
beautiful,  in  the  world. 

Less  than  three  centuries  have  passed  since  Henry  Hudson,  the  Dutch  navigator,  passed  through  the  Narrows 
and  disembarked  from  his  little  schooner  on  the  present  site  of  the  Battery.  The  island  was  then  rough  in  sur- 
face, patched  with  swamp,  forest,  and  rock,  and  was  inhabited  only  by  a  tribe  of  Indians,  known  as  the  Mana- 
hatta,  whence  the  name  of  Manhattan,  by  which  the  island  is  often  designated. 

Traders  followed  Hudson,  and  in  1614  the  future  metropolis  of  the  New  World  consisted  of  a  small  fort  on  the 
site  of  Bowling  Green,  and  four  houses.  It  was  then  called  "  Nieu  Amsterdam,"  and  the  domain  acquired  was 
named  the  New  Netherlands.  In  1664,  however,  Charles  II.  of  England,  having  assumed  the  Dutch  occupancy  in 
North  America  to  be  a  usurpation,  gave  the  territory  to  his  brother  James,  Duke  of  York,  and  the  name  of  New 
Amsterdam  was  changed  to  New  York. 

In  1699  the  population  had  increased  to  about  6,000,  and  the  outer  walls  or  palisades  extended  from  the  East 
River,  across  Broadway,  along  the  present  line  of  Wall  Street.  To-day  the  city,  which  is  identical  with  the 
count v,  contains  1,021,000  residents.    Until  the  latter  part  of  1873,  it  ended  at  the  Harlem  River,  but,  in  the 

1 


0 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


November  elections  of  that  year,  the  towns  of  West  Farms,  Morrisania,  and  Kingsbridge,  hitherto  a  part  of 
Westchester  County,  were  annexed  to  the  advancing  metropolis. 

The  rugged  features  have  long  since  disappeared  from  the  heart  of  the  city,  and  little  is  left  to  tell  of  the 
original  character  of  the  island  except  the  picturesque  surroundings  of  Central  Park  and  Washington  Heights. 
The  latter  are  238  feet  above  tide-water. 

NEW  YORK  HARBOR. 

The  harbor,  as  we  have  said,  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  the  world,  especially  when  viewed  from  some 
prominent  point  on  Staten  Island,  where  a  vast  field  of  observation  may  be  enjoyed.  The  outer  bar  is  at  Sandy 
Hook,  eighteen  miles  from  the  Battery,  and  is  crossed  by  two  ship-channels,  from  twenty-one  to  thirty-two  feet 
deep  at  low  tide,  and  from  twenty-seven  to  thirty-nine  feet  deep  at  high  tide,  thus  admitting  vessels  of  the  heaviest 
draught. 


New  York  from  Fort  Richmond. 


The  Narrows  may  be  likened  to  a  gate-way  from  the  ocean,  while,  standing  like  huge  sentinels  to  guard  the 
pass,  are  Forts  Richmond  and  Tompkins  on  the  verge  of  the  Staten-Island  shore,  and  Fort  Hamilton  on  the  Long- 
Island  side.  The  latter  is  supplied  with  an  armament  of  Rodman  guns,  which  throw  balls  weighing  a  thousand 
pounds  each.  Fort  Lafayette  is  also  close  at  hand — famous  as  a  military  prison.  These  fortifications  are  erected 
on  or  near  the  sites  of  similar  works  used  during  the  Revolution. 

It  is  not  until  we  are  fairly  within  the  bay,  however,  and  sailing  toward  the  city,  that  the  picture  becomes 
panoramic  and  complete.  Before  us  then  is  a  map,  every  item  of  which  is  eloquent  with  busy  life.  We  are  in 
the  heart,  as  it  were,  of  a  fleet  of  stately  ships  and  steamers,  ploughing  a  surface  that  has  been  cut  by  the  keels 
of  the  civilized  world.  In  the  foreground  there  are  patches  of  green  that,  in  the  summer  sun,  shine  and  sparkle 
like  great  emeralds  in  a  silver  setting — Bedloe's,  Ellis's,  and  Governor's  Islands,  whereon  are  defensive  fortifica- 
tions. As  we  sweep  by  these  points,  the  scene  becomes  even  more  animated  than  before.  In  front  looms  the 
great  metropolis,  with  its  miles  of  roofs,  and  broken  outline  of  spires,  towers,  and  domes,  telling  of  religion,  art, 
and  trade;  while  on  cither  side,  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach,  the  water-line  is  fringed  with  a  forest  of  masts,  from 


XEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


3 


which  fly  the  vari-colored  flags  that  represent  the  commerce  of  the  globe.  On  the  left  we  see  Jersey  City,  one  of 
the  populous  wings  of  New  York,  and  catch  glimpses  of  the  Palisades  and  of  the  lovely  villas  and  towns  that  line 
the  banks  of  the  Hudson ;  and  on  the  right,  scanning  the  East  River,  the  attention  is  divided  between  Brooklyn, 
"  the  City  of  Churches,"  and  the  wonderful  vitality  that  throbs  on  the  bosom  of  the  water.  From  morning  until 
night,  and  from  night  until  morning  again,  scores  of  ferry-boats  fairly  illustrate  the  idea  of  perpetual  motion,  for 
they  are  never  at  rest,  and  divide  the  honors  of  the  busy  place  with  a  throng  of  larger  and  smaller  craft,  making 
their  way  to  and  from  a  thousand  points  of  destination.  Let  us  land,  however,  and  commence  minuter  observa- 
tions of  interesting  localities  in  New  York  from 


THE  BATTERY. 

This  spot,  an  ample  park,  is  identified  with  the  history  of  the  city  from  the  earliest  colonial  times.  Here  were 
planted  the  tents  of  the  settlers,  and  the  first  fortifications  were  erected  for  the  defense  of  the  Dutch  colonists. 
Here  were  enacted  many  of  the  stirring  scenes  that  preceded  the  American  Revolution,  in  which  the  Sons  of 
Liberty — among  whom  were  Alexander  Hamilton  and  the  ancestors  of  not  a  few  of  the  present  "  Old  Knicker- 
bockers " — played  an  important  part.  And  here,  when  hostilities  were  about  to  close,  the  evacuation  of  the  city 
by  the  British  troops  took  place.  Washington  and  the  principal  generals  of  the  Revolution  were  then  more 
familiar  with  the  spot  than  even  the  boys  of  the  present  generation. 

In  later  years  the  Battery  became  a  fashionable  park,  and  the  wealthy  citizens  sought  the  neighborhood,  not 
only  as  a  place  of  residence,  but  for  the  enjoyment  afforded  by  a  promenade  among  its  beautiful  shade-trees.  It 
filled  a  space  of  seven  acres,  and  was  surrounded  by  a  neat  iron  fence,  having  gates  at  the  principal  streets. 
Along  the  sea-wall  was  a  flagging  twenty  feet  wide,  and  on  a  summer  afternoon  thousands  flocked  thither  to  drink 
in  the  cool  breezes  of  the  ocean.  In  fact,  forty  years  ago,  the  population  of  two  hundred  and  thirty  thousand 
appeared  to  appreciate  their  Battery  more  than  do  the  million  of  to-day  the  grander  and  more  ambitious  Central 


Battery  and  Castle  Garden. 


1 


NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Park.  An  old  fort  built  upon  its  sea-border,  now  known  under  the  familiar  name  of  "  Castle  Garden,''  is  the  great 
entrepot  for  immigrants.  After  its  abandonment  as  a  fort  it  was  converted  into  a  summer-garden,  whence  its 
name ;  and  upon  its  ramparts  the  worthy  citizens  were  prone  to  indulge,  on  summer  afternoons,  in  the  costly 
luxuries  of  ices  and  soda-water.  Distinguished  guests  of  the  corporation  were  frequently  received  at  this  point.  In 
1824  a  great  ball  was  given  here  to  the  Marquis  Lafayette — an  event  the  old  folks  still  love  to  talk  about.  In  1832, 
General  Jackson,  and  in  1843,  President  John  Tyler,  were  also  publicly  received  at  Castle  Garden.  Subsequently 
it  became  a  concert-hall,  and  is  noted  as  the  place  where  Jenny  Lind  made  her  first  appearance  in  America.  Its 
walls  have  echoed  to  the  notes  of  many  famous  singers. 

Castle  Garden's  musical  epoch  was  its  closing  glory.  The  tide  of  upper-tendom  began  its  flow  upward,  and 
for  several  years  past  the  place  has  been  an  immigrant  depot  where  thousands  who  seek  their  fortunes  in  the 
New  World  are  received  from  the  ships  and  sent  to  various  destinations.  For  a  time  the  locality  presented  a 
squalid  appearance,  being  a  receptacle  for  rubbish  ;  but  in  18Y0— "71  the  Battery  was  entirely  renovated,  and  again 
has  become  an  attractive  resort,  being  now  rendered  easily  accessible  from  remote  parts  of  the  city  by  the  Ele- 
vated Railway,  which  extends  to  South  Ferry,  along  the  outer  edge  of  the  grounds.  On  summer  evenings  its  walks 
are  crowded  with  promenaders.  The  lines  of  gas-lamps  seen  through  the  trees,  the  colored  steering-lights  of  the 
boats  on  the  river,  and  the  distant  glimmer  of  the  light-houses  in  the  bay,  compose  an  exceedingly  picturesque 
sight  that  will  fully  repay  a  visit  to  the  place. 

Adjoining  the  Battery  is  White- 
hall Street,  famous  as  the  landing- 
place  of  the  British  in  Revolution- 
ary times,  and  once  a  fashionable 
thoroughfare.  Now  it  is  the  ter- 
minus of  lines  of  stages  and  oars, 
that  connect  with  the  upper  por- 
tion of  the  island,  and  the  approach 
to  the  Staten  Island,  South,  and 
Hamilton  Ferries.  The  Corn  Ex- 
change, on  this  street,  is  a  hand- 
some brick  structure. 

Bowling  Green,  a  circular  green 
within  a  few  steps  of  the  Battery, 
was  once  the  court  end  of  the  town. 
No.  1  Broadway,  known  as  the 
"Old  Kennedy  House,"  was  built 
in  1760,  and  has  been  occupied  as 
the  residence  and  headquarters  of 
Lord  Cornwallis,  Sir  Henry  Clin- 
ton, and  General  Washington.  At 
No.  11,  General  Gates  had  his 
headquarters,  and  in  1763  it  was 
the  site  of  the  Dutch  tavern  of 
Burgomaster  Martin  Cruger. 
Southeast  of  the  Green,  now  the  site  of  a  row  of  brick  houses,  in  1635,  stood  Fort  Amsterdam,  which  was 
capacious  enough  to  contain  the  governor's  residence,  a  church,  and  a  garrison  of  three  hundred  soldiers. 

In  1770,  an  equestrian  statue  of  King  George  III.  was  erected  in  Bowling  Green,  and  a  handsome  iron  railing 
was  placed  around  it  for  protection.  It  was  destroyed  by  the  people  on  the  evening  when  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence was  read  to  the  troops  in  New  York,  and  subsequently  melted  by  the  family  of  Governor  Wolcott,  of 
Connecticut.  According  to  his  statement,  it  furnished  material  for  forty-two  thousand  bullets.  The  pedestal,  as 
late  as  1855,  was  serving  as  a  doorstep  to  the  mansion  of  the  Van  Voorst  family  in  Jersey  City.  The  iron  balls 
which  once  ornamented  the  top  of  the  railing  were  knocked  off  to  give  the  British  fleet  a  welcome  from  the 
cannon's  throat. 

Passing  up  Broadway,  we  quickly  reach  the  limits  of  the  old  town — Wall  Street.  In  front  of  this  thorough- 
fare stands  Trinity  Church,  one  of  the  most  cathedral-like  and  elegant  structures  in  America.  It  is  of  solid 
brown-stone  from  foundation  to  spire,  except  the  roof ;  and  the  view  from  the  steeple  is  the  finest  in  New  York. 
Queen  Anne  granted  to  the  corporation,  in  1705,  the  land  extending  along  the  west  side  of  Broadway  to  Christo- 
pher Street,  known  as  "  the  Queen's  Farm,"  and  the  church  corporation  is  consequently  to-day  the  wealthiest  on 


No. 


Broadway,  and  Bowling  Green. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


the  continent.  The  first  building,  erected  at  the  close  of  the  seventeenth  century,  was  small  and  square.  This 
was  destroyed  in  the  great  fire  of  1776,  which  consumed  four  hundred  and  ninety-three  houses,  but  it  was  rebuilt 
in  1788.  On  the  21st  of  May,  1846,  the  present  edifice  was  consecrated  to  Christian  worship,  and  hundreds  of  the 
"  solid  men  "  of  New  York  are  numbered  among  its  communicants.  The  music  by  its  choir  and  the  chime  of  its 
bells  are  not  surpassed  in  America. 

No  person  should  visit  the  church  without  inspecting  its  venerable  graveyard  ;  for  here  are  to  be  seen,  m  the 
time-worn,  moss-covered  stones,  with  their  ancient  inscriptions — some  of  them  quaint  and  curious — the  connecting 

links  between  the  living  and  the  dead.  Here  reposes  the  body  of 
Alexander  Hamilton,  who  was  killed  by  Aaron  Burr  in  a  duel.  Here, 
close  by  the  main  entrance,  is  the  tomb  of  Captain  Lawrence,  of  the 
Chesapeake,  whose  dying  words,  "  Don't  give  up  the  ship,"  are  fami!- 
iar  to  every  American  school-boy.  And  here  is  the  beautiful  monu- 
mental cross  of  brown-stone  erected  to  the  memory  of  the  patriots 
who  died  in  the  prison-hulks  while  the  city  was  under  British  rule. 

Pass  now  from  these  solemn  surroundings  to  that  wonderful 
thoroughfare  known  to  the  financial  world  as  "  Wall  Street."  The 
buildings  are  all  substantial,  and  many  of  them  elegant  in  their  various 
styles  of  architecture.  Scores  of  signs  on  every  door-way  indicate  the 
character  of  the  great  bee-hives  within,  and  the  anxious  face  of 


Trinity  Church  and  Martyrs'  Monument. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


almost  every  man  who  hurries  by  tells  of  the  intensity  of  the  mad  race  for  wealth.  The  fortunes  that  have  been 
made  and  lost,  sometimes  in  a  day,  the  homes  that  have  been  ruined,  and  the  hearts  broken,  in  and  around  this 
locality,  are  a  part  of  the  romance  and  reality  of  business-life  that  never  can  be  written.  On  any  day,  at  high-noon, 
you  may  enter  the  Gold-Room  or  the  Stock-Exchange,  and,  from  the  gallery  set  apart  for  visitors,  look  down  upon 
a  scene  of  confusion  that  probably  has  no  rival  in  the  world— a  scene  in  which  the  startling  attitudes  and  yells  of 
hundreds  of  the  best-dressed  men  of  New  York,  as  they  snap  their  fingers  in  each  others'  eyes,  and  crowd  and 
push  and  dance  in  their  eagerness  to  effect  a  trade,  can  only  be  compared  to  the  wild  vagaries  of  lunatics,  and 
make  even  Bedlam  seem  dignified  in  the  contrast.  Meanwhile  in  a  thousand  neighboring  offices,  and  in  a  thou- 
sand parlors  and  restaurants,  miles  distant,  the  "  tick,  tick,  tick  "  of  the  little  telegraphic  instrument  records,  at 
the  instant,  every  fractional  change  in  the  prices  of  stocks,  bonds,  or  specie,  that  has  occurred  in  the  tumult  of  the 
place.    And  so,  Wall  Street  feels  the  pulse  of  the  world,  and  is  itself  stirred  to  the  very  core. 

At  the  corner  of  Wall  and  Broad  Streets  we  find  the  Drexel  Building,  occupied  by  Drexel,  Morgan  &  Co.,  the 
bankers  and  the  Leather  Manufacturers'  National  Bank.  It  is  six  stories  high,  built  out  of  white  marble,  in  the 
Renaissance  style.    Within  the  walls  it  is  two  hundred  and  two  by  seventy-five  feet.    Its  erection  cost  seven  hun- 


Drexel  Building,  corner  of  Broad  and  Wall  Streets. 


dred  thousand  dollars.  The  tall  marble  building  seen  on  the  right  of  the  illustration  is  the  Stock  Exchange, 
which  is  situated  in  Broad  Street,  just  below  Wall.  The  fine  building  which  lifts  its  columnar  front  of  marble 
on  the  corner  of  Wall  and  Nassau  Streets  is  now  known  as  the  United  States  Treasury  and  Assay-Office. 
It  stands  on  the  site  of  the  old  Congress  or  Town  Hall  of  the  Revolution,  erected  in  the  beginning  of  the 
last  century,  and  memorable  in  history  as  the  place  where  Washington  was  inaugurated  the  first  President  of 
the  United  States,  in  April,  1789.    The  present  structure  was  erected  for  the  Custom-House  of  the  port  of  New 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED.  7 


York,  and  was  used  as  such  for  many  years.  The  builuing — one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  city — is  two  hundred 
and  eighty  feet  long,  eighty  feet  wide,  and  eighty  feet  high.  The  main  entrance  is  on  Wall  Street,  and  is  made  by 
an  imposing  flight  of  eighteen  broad  marble  steps.  The  lookout  from  these  embraces  Broad  Street,  which  may  be 
not  inaptly  termed  the  Mecca  of  brokers,  for  on  either  side,  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach,  are  the  numerous  offices 
of  the  thousands  who  "  live,  move,  and  have  their  being  "  in  this  atmosphere  of  speculation,  and  manipulate  much 
of  the  stocks,  bonds,  and  money  of  the  country. 

Bevond  the  hives  of  the  money-makers  in  Broad  Street  there  are  some  ancient  houses,  as  full  of  reminiscences 
as  those  in  Bowling  Green.  At  the  corner  of  Broad  and  Pearl  Streets  stands  the  famous  De  Lancey  House,  which 
was  built  at  the  beginning  of  the  last  century  by  Stephen  De  Lancey,  a  Huguenot  refugee  from  Normandy.  After 
its  davs  as  a  residence  were  past,  it  became  a  business-house,  and  subsequently  it  was  famous  as  a  tavern.  It  was 
a  favorite  rendezvous  for  the  clubs  of  these  days,  and  here  the  most  noted  politicians  met,  including  the  Living- 


Treasury  Builjing  and  Wall  Street,  looking  west 


stons,  John  Jay,  Stephen  De  Lancey,  John  Morin  Scott,  William  Duane,  and  Gouverneur  Morris.  On  the  evening 
of  November  25,  1783,  the  evacuation  of  the  city  by  the  British  troops  was  celebrated  in  the  De  Lancey  House, 
then  known  as  the  City  Tavern,  by  General  Washington  and  his  staff,  and  Governor  Clinton.  A  few  days  after- 
ward the  same  company  were  present  at  a  banquet  which  they  gave  in  honor  of  the  Chevalier  de  Luzerne,  the 
French  ambassador,  who  had  represented  his  country  in  America  for  several  years ;  and  on  the  4th  of  December, 
in  the  same  place,  Washington  bade  his  officers  an  affectionate  adieu,  before  departing  to  Annapolis  to  resign  his 
commission.  The  landlord,  Samuel  Fraunces,  and  his  daughter,  were  much  esteemed  by  Washington,  and  the 
woman  once  saved  the  commander's  life,  by  the  timely  discovery  of  a  plot  to  poison  him.  In  the  mutation  of 
passing  years  the  De  Lancey  House  has  degenerated  sadly,  and  it  is  now  a  German  tenement-house,  with  a  lager- 
bier  saloon  in  the  lower  story. 

Returning  to  the  Treasury  and  looking  northward,  we  have  a  view  of  Nassau  Street — a  wonderfully  busy  thor- 
oughfare, crowded  near  its  lower  portion  with  several  very  stately  bank  buildings,  the  Bank  of  Commerce,  the 
Continental  Bank,  and  the  Fourth  National  among  them,  with  several  handsome  structures  occupied  by  a  number  of 
the  great  private  banking-houses,  the  well-known  Brown  Brothers  being  among  them.  On  the  right,  two  squares 
distant,  is  the  very  ancient  church  until  recently  occupied  as  a  post-office,  with  its  mouldy  Hid  time-stained  walls, 
telling  with  grave  fidelity  of  an  ancient  and  varied  history.  In  early  times  it  was  known  as  the  Middle  Dutch 
Church,  and  during  the  Revolution  was  used  as  a  riding-school  for  the  British  cavalry,  and  a  military  prison 


8 


* 


Old  De  Lancey  House    Broad  Street. 


wherein  hundreds  of  American  captives  were  huddled  and  died.  Its  uses  as  a  post-office  terminated  only  in  Sep- 
tember of  1875.    Its  future  use  is  not  yet  determined  upon. 

A  walk  down  Wall  Street  will  well  repay  the  visitor,  for  he  will  see  not  a  few  of  the  handsomest  banking  in- 
stitutions in  America,  and  a  display  of  noble  architecture  such  as  is  not  presented  in  the  same  compass  elsewhere 
on  this  continent.  Chief  among  these  is  the  handsome  structure  known  as  the  Bank  of  New  York;  and  opposite 
the  once  famous  Merchants'  Exchange,  now  the  Custom-House.  The  latter  deserves  more  than  passing  notice. 
It  occupies  a  large  but  irregular  square,  and  scarcely  any  thing  but  stone  and  iron  is  employed  in  its  construction. 
The  building  is  a  model  of  solidity  and  graceful  proportions,  and  its  massive  granite  columns  and  portico  never 
fail  to  arrest  the  attention  of  the  stranger.  It  has  a  frontage  of  one  hundred  and  forty-four  feet,  a  depth  of  two 
hundred  feet,  and  the  height  to  the  central  dome  is  one  hundred  and  twenty-four  feet.  The  base  of  this  dome  is 
supported  within  the  rotunda  by  eight  lofty  columns  of  Italian  marble,  the  capitals  of  which  were  carved  in  Italy. 
The  architect  was  Mr.  Isaiah  Rogers,  and  the  total  cost  one  million  eight  hundred  thousand  dollars.    (See  p.  10.) 

A  little  farther  down  Wall,  we  shall  cross  Pearl  Street,  said  to  have  been  in  the  olden  time  a  cow-path,  and 
certainly  one  of  the  crookedest  streets  in  New  York.  This  is  the  locality  of  cotton-brokers,  the  Cotton  Exchange, 
and  wholesale  houses  in  various  merchandise.  At  the  foot  of  Wall  Street  is  one  of  the  ferries  which  connect  New 
York  with  Brooklyn. 

Returning  now  to  Broadway,  we  will  resume  our  journey  up-town,  and  briefly  notice  the  main  points  of  interest 
en  route.    At  the  corner  of  Dey  Street  and  Broadway,  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  have  erected  a 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Nassau  Street,  north  from  Wall  Street. 


really  noble  building  for  their  offices.  It  is  eight  stories  high,  and  is  built  of  pressed  red  brick,  granite,  and 
marble.  Above  the  roof,  which  is  higher  than  its  neighbors,  there  is  a  clock-tower,  and  from  nearly  every  window 
threads  of  fine  wire  issue,  connecting  every  important  centre  of  population,  festooning  every  great  post-road, 
marking  the  black  track  of  every  railway,  and,  in  fact,  literally  blending  town,  city,  country,  ocean,  and  river. 
Could  we  see  the  inside  of  the  operating-room,  our  pulses  would  beat  a  stroke  faster  in  sympathy  with  the  activity 
of  its  denizens.  "  A  hundred  keys  and  sounders,"  a  writer  has  said,  "  are  clicking  at  once,  making  a  noise  like  a 
diminutive  cotton-mill.  The  floor  is  filled  with  ranges  of  tables,  at  which  the  operators  are  seated,  separated  from 
each  other  by  glass  screens.  Against  one  wall  is  the  switch-board,  the  most  conspicuous  object  in  the  room. 
Without  any  actual  resemblance,  it  recalls  to  the  imaginations  of  many  of  the  visitors  the  thought  of  a  great 
organ,  its  ranges  of  slender  wires  behind  the  screen  suggesting  the  trackers  and  pipes,  and  the  innumerable 
switches  representing  the  keys  and  stops.  Boys  are  passing  to  and  fro  with  papers,  and  messages  are  being  sent 
and  received  from  almost  every  table  in  the  room.  The  switch-board  is  the  central  ganglion  of  the  whole  system. 
Every  current  passes  through  this  apparatus.  The  manager,  standing  here,  can,  by  inserting  a  brass  wedge  in 
the  course  of  any  current,  hear  what  message  is  passing.  He  has  thus  the  means  of  inspecting  and  listening  to 
all  that  is  going  on  over  all  the  wires  connected  with  the  office."  An  idea  may  be  formed  of  the  immense  business 
done  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  from  the  fact  that  their  profits  for  the  past  eight  years  have  been 
over  five  million  dollars.  (See  illustration,  page  11.) 
2 


10 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Custom  Houje. 


A  little  distance  from  their  new  building  is  the  familiar  Astor  House,  from  the 


of  the  most  animated  scenes  in  the  city.  Fr 


portico  of  which  we  have  one 
om  morning  until  night  there  is  moving  by  an  ever-changing  proces- 


Bank  of  New  York,  corner  of  Wall  and  William  Streets. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


11 


sion  of  vehicles  that  have  poured  into  the  great  artery  from  a  thousand  tributaries,  and  to  cross  Broadway  one 
must  needs  be  a  sort  of  animated  billiard-ball,  with  power  to  "  carom  "  from  wheel  to  wheel,  until  he  can  safely 
"pocket"  his  personal  corporosity  on  the  opposite  walk.  Looking  to  the  right,  St.  Paul's  will  be  seen  on  the 
corner  of  Vesey  Street,  the  adjoining  graveyard  containing  tombstones  and  inscriptions  nearly  as  ancient  as  those  of 

Old  Trinity;  while  directly  opposite  stands  the 
well-known  New  York  Herald  Building.  This 
is  erected  on  the  site  of  Barnum's  Museum, 
which  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  the  summer  of 
18G5,  and  is  one  of  the  most  prominent  edi- 
fices of  the  metropolis.    And  midway  between 
Broadway  and  Park  Row  we  see  the  new  Post- 
Office  and  United  States  Court  Building,  which 
was  completed  in  the  summer  of  1875,  and  first 
occupied  September  1st  of  that  year.  We 
know  of  no  post-office  in  the  world  that  ex- 
ceeds this  in  size.    The  only  materials  used  in 
its  construction  are  granite,  iron, 
brick,  and   glass ;   the  former 
coming  from  an  island  off  the 
coast  of  Maine,  where  six  hun- 
dred   men   were   employed  in 
quarrying  and  dressing  it.  The 
style  of  architecture  adopted  is 
that  known  as  the  Doric,  modi- 
fied, however,  by  the  Renais- 
sance.   The  north  front  of  the 
building  is  two  hun- 
dred and  ninety  feet 
in  length,  the  Broad- 
way front  three  hun- 
dred and  forty  feet, 
and  the  Park  Row 
front  three  hundred 
and  twenty  feet  in 
the  clear.    On  each 
of  these  two  fronts, 
however,  there  is  an 
angle  which,  running 
back  some  distance 
and  then  projecting, 
forms  the  entrance 
looking  downBroad- 
way.      The  entire 
width  of  this  front 
is  one  hundred  and 
thirty  feet.  These 
entering  angles  and 
projecting  portico 

gwre  this  front  a  very  bold  and  striking  appearance.  In  the  original  design  it  was  intended  that  the  building 
should  have  a  cellar,  a  basement,  three  stories,  and  an  attic,  but,  through  an  after-thought  of  the  architect,  a  fourth 
story  has  been  added.  The  roof  is  of  the  Mansard  style,  the  upright  portion  being  covered  with  slate,  and  the 
flat  portion  with  copper.  In  accordance  with  the  plans  of  the  architect,  the  basement  consists  of  one  vast  apart- 
ment, which  is  devoted  to  the  sorting  of  letters  and  making  up  of  the  mails.  The  first  floor  is  used  as 
the  receiving  department :  comprising  the  money-order  and  registering  offices,  stamp  and  envelope  bureaus,  and 
postmaster's  and  secretaries'  private  rooms.  On  the  second  and  third  floors  are  the  United  States  Court 
rooms,  and  the  attic  will  supply  rooms  to  the  janitor,  watchmen,  etc.    There  arc  no  fewer  than  twelve  elevators 


Western  Union  Telegraph-O.'fice,  corner  of  Broadway  and  Dey  Street. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


13 


for  the  various  purposes  of  the  establishment,  and  for  light  and  heat  the  most  perfect  contrivances  known  to  art 
have  been  adopted.- 

Crossing  the  Park  at  this  point,  we  enter  what  is  known  as  Printing-House  Square,  from  the  fact  that  the  offices 
of  the  principal  daily  and  weekly  newspapers  of  New  York  are  there  located,  including  the  buildings  of  the  Tribune, 
the  Sun,  and  the  Times,  and  the  imposing  granite  structure  of  the  Staats-ZcUung.  A  bronze  statue  of  Benjamin 
Franklin,  erected  under  the  auspices  of  Captain  Benjamin  De  Groot  in  1871,  also  appropriately  marks  the  place. 
The  buildings  in  view  stand  on  the  edge  of  what  was  known  in  old  times  as  "  Bookman's  Swamp."  The  low 
grounds  are  now  occupied  by  the  substantial  warehouses  of  the  wholesale  dealers  in  leather,  and  the  neighborhood 


is  still  known  in  the  trade  as 
inj;  of  the  New  York  Tribune  is 
been  supplanted  by  a  new  struct- 
ent  year  (1875).  This  new  edi- 
the  handsomest  newspaper-oi- 
composite  of  red  pressed  brick, 
one  story  higher  than  the  West- 
is  the  highest  building  on  Man- 
covered  by  it  extends  ninety  feet 
one  hundred  feet  upon  Spruce 
sixty-five  feet  north  to  Frankfort 
street  of  nearly  twenty-nine  feet, 
will  be  a  lofty  clock-tower,  visi- 
city,  than  which  the  Tribune 
more  suitable  monument  to  the 


"  the  Swamp."  The  drab  build- 
missed  from  its  old  site,  having 
ure,  completed  within  the  prcs- 
fice  is  the  largest  and,  perhaps, 
fice  in  the  world.  Its  style  is  a 
granite,  marble,  and  iron.  It  is 
ern-Union  Telegraph  Office,  and 
hattan  Island.  The  ground 
upon  Printing  -  House  Square, 
Street,  thence  one  hundred  and 
Street,  with  a  frontage  upon  that 
Above  the  nine  stories  there 
ble  from  all  points  around  the 
Association  could  not  erect  a 
advancing  power  of  journalism. 


The  New  "Tribune"  Build'ng   in  Printing-House  Square. 


The  City-Hall  Park  is  identified  with  the  early  history  and  growth  of  New  York.  Less  than  a  century 
ago  it  was  looked  upon  as  the  "  Old  Fields,"  and  the  country  residences  of  wealthy  citizens  were  erected 
in  and  aronnd  the  adjacent  grounds.  A  portion  of  the  walls  of  the  present  Hall  of  Records  constituted,  as  far 
back  as  1758,  the  walls  of  the  colonial  provost  jail,  and,  if  space  permitted,  many  an  incident  might  be  related  of 
the  dark  and  bloody  scenes  enacted  on  the  spot.  Within  the  last  ten  years  the  Park  has  undergone  much  change, 
and,  with  its  shrubbery,  trees,  fountains,  and  broad  walks,  it  now  constitutes  an  attractive  feature  of  this  portion 
of  the  metropolis. 

The  City  Hall  has  so  long  been  the  chief  public  edifice  of  New  York  as  to  require  but  brief  mention.    It  has 


14  NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


been  the  scene  of  many  interesting  episodes.  The  stranger  will  still  find  in  the  "  Governor's  Room  "  a  collection 
of  portraits  of  New-York  worthies,  and  other  objects  of  interest  will  attract  his  attention. 

The  new  Court-House,  close  at  hand,  will,  when  completed,  be  a  structure  in  every  way  worthy  of  a  great 
municipal  corporation.  It  is  constructed  of  white  marble,  and  within  and  without,  in  every  detail,  combines 
strength,  elegance,  and  solidity.  The  pervading  order  of  architecture  is  Corinthian,  and  the  general  effect  of  its 
missive  proportions,  viewed  from  any  side,  is  grand  and  striking.  The  building  is  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet  long, 
and  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  wide.  To  the  top  of  the  pediment  the  height  is  ninety-seven  feet,  and  to  the  top 
of  the  dome,  when  completed,  the  distance  will  be  two  hundred  and  twenty-five  feet.  It  has  been  suggested  that 
the  tower  crowning  the  dome  should  be  converted  into  a  light-house  as  a  land-mark  for  mariners,  but  this  point 
has  not  yet  been  decided  by  the  superintending  architect.  The  portico  and  steps,  with  the  grand  columns  on  the 
Chambers-Street  front,  are  said  to  be  the  finest  piece  of  work  of  the  kind  in  America.  The  interior  of  the  edifice 
is  equally  elaborate  and  complete,  and  several  of  the  apartments  are  now  occupied  by  the  public  officers. 

Nearly  opposite  the  new  Court-House,  on  Chambers  Street,  is  what  was  known  in  old  times  as  Gallows  Hill, 
where  the  execution  of  American  prisoners  generally  took  place  after  midnight.  It  overlooked  a  fresh-water  pond 
and  a  little  island,  near  the  junction  of  Centre  and  Pearl  Streets,  but  both  of  these  have  long  since  disappeared, 
giving  place  in  time  to  that  horrible  locality  of  which  the  famous  Five  Points  once  formed  a  part.  A  line  of  for- 
tifications also  crossed  the  hill  from  Broadway  to  Chatham  Street;  and  the  wholesale  establishment  of  A.  T. 
Stewart  &  Co.,  on  the  corner  of  Broadway  and  Chambers  Street,  occupies  the  site  of  one  of  the  principal  forts  of 
the  city  during  the  Revolution.  When  erected,  this  great  block  of  marble  was  considered  to  be  "  up-town  ;  "  and 
twenty  years  ago  it  was  as  fashionable  for  the  ladies  to  shop  there  as  it  is  nowr  fashionable  to  shop  in  the  larger 
temple  of  trade  on  the  corner  of  Ninth  and  Tenth  Streets.  The  building  is  at  present  devoted  to  the  wholesale 
business  of  this  firm. 

Proceeding  up  Broadway,  we  next  reach  the  imposing  building  of  the  New  York  Life  Insurance  Company,  at 
the  corner  of  Broadway  and  Leonard  Street,  which  is  one  of  the  finest  ever  erected  by  private  enterprise  in 
America.    It  is  of  pure  white  marble,  of  the  Ionic  order  of  architecture,  the  design  having  been  suggested  by  the 


15 


Who 


lesale  Store  of  A.  T.  Stewart  &  Co.,  corner  of  Broadway  and  Chambers  Street. 


Temple  of  the  Erectheus  at  Athens.  The  exterior  is  a  model  of  architectural  taste,  and  the  offices  within  are  remark- 
able for  beauty  and  convenience.    The  appointments  are  superb,  and  well  worthy  of  inspection.    This  company 


New  York  Life  Insurance  Company's  Building,  corner  of  Broadway  and  Leonard  Street. 


16 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


is  one  of  the  oldest  institutions  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States— having  commenced  business  in  1845— and  ranks 
among  its  trustees  some  of  the  most  eminent  citizens  of  New  York.  The  accumulations  are  over  thirty  millions 
of  dollars. 

At  Canal  Street,  which  was  once  the  bed  of  a  rivulet,  the  view  up  and  down  Broadway  is  exceedingly  brilliant 
and  picturesque.  As  far  as  the  eye  can  reach  it  gathers  in  on  either  side  a  range  of  business  palaces,  represent- 
ng  every  variety  of  taste,  style,  and  beauty,  while  between  them,  in  the  street  and  on  the  sidewalk,  is  an  ever- 
changing  scene  in  which  light,  color,  and  motion,  combine  to  create  a  charm  that  never  tires.  There  is  a  fascina- 
tion even  in  the  throng  of  vehicles ;  the  faces  in  the  omnibusses  and  private  carriages ;  the  gay  turn-outs  and 
handsome  equipages;  and  in  the  strange  commingling  of  people  passing  to  and  fro,  representing  every  State  and 
country,  every  style  of  dress  from  that  of  the  Oriental  to  the  last  fashion  of  the  Anglo-Saxon,  there  is  a  magnetic 
attraction  that  compels  the  stranger  to  linger  and  enjoy  the  kaleidoscopic  scene.  For  three  miles  the  change  is 
continual ;  the  continuity  of  effect  is  unbroken ;  and  a  walk  up  or  down  Broadway  is  one  of  the  pleasantest  remi- 
niscences of  a  visit  to  the  metropolis.  Yonder  is  the  famous  and  most  comfortable  St.  Nicholas  Hotel ;  a  little 
farther  up  the  immense  brown-stone  form  of  the  Metropolitan  Hotel,  another  of  our  fashionable  hostelries.  Near 
Prince  Street,  we  notice  the  fanciful  facade  of  Appletons'  Publishing-House,  which  is  built  of  iron  and  painted 
ornamentally,  the  background  being  of  a  neutral  tint,  relieved  with  gold  and  red.  Gold-leaf  is  also  freely  used  in 
the  scroll-work  of  the  pillars,  and  produces  a  very  pleasing  effect.  This  idea  of  color  in  architecture  has  been 
successfully  adopted  elsewhere,  notably  on  two  large  iron  buildings  in  Broadway,  below  Broome  Street,  and  in  a 
handsome  new  structure  nearly  opposite  Astor  Place.  At  the  corner  of  Bond  Street  and  Broadway  a  large  build- 
ing has  recently  been  erected  by  Brooks  Brothers,  the  tailors,  which  satisfies  the  highest  artistic  and  utilitarian 
ideals.  It  is  a  composite  of  red  brick  and  a  light-colored  stone,  which  produces  a  very  rich  effect,  and  at  the  same 
time  it  is  compact  and  fire-proof.  Nearly  opposite  is  the  Grand  Central  Hotel,  a  monster  edifice,  with  a  marble 
front,  eight  stories  in  height,  and  surmounted  by  a  Mansard  roof.  It  is  impossible,  indeed,  to  walk  many  yards 
without  noticing  one  of  the  palaces  with  which  the  merchants  have  beautified  the  city.    These,  with  the  ever-active 

cosmopolitan  throng,  make  the  thoroughfare 
one  of  such  interest  as  even  the  prominent 
business  streets  of  London  cannot  excel. 

It  is  a  curious  feature  of  the  Broadway 
crowd,  by-the-way,  that  its  phases  are  dif- 
ferent at  different  hours  of  the  day.  Early 
in  the  morning,  for  instance,  you  will  see 
the  working-people,  the  sewing-girls,  and 
younger  clerks,  pouring  into  the  street  from 
right  and  left,  and  hurrying  downward.  At 
eight  or  nine  o'clock  the  procession  is 
chiefly  composed  of  business  men — those 
who  fill  the  counting-rooms  and  the  law- 
offices.  From  ten  to  three  the  ladies  ap- 
pear in  full  force  on  shopping  expeditions, 
and  then  the  tide  begins  to  turn  upward. 
At  four  o'clock,  a  hundred  thousand  are 
promenading;  a  goodly  proportion  being 
peripatetic  fashion-plates,  contrived  by  the 
cunning  of  the  dress-maker  and  milliner. 
At  six  the  poorer  classes  are  again  home- 
ward bound  ;  and  then,  until  morning, 
Broadway  is  abandoned  to  the  pleasure- 
seeker,  midnight  prowler,  and  poor  wretches 
who  have  shunned  the  light  of  day. 

Passing  on,  we  reach  Astor  Place,  the 
scene  of  the  great  Macready  riots,  and  may 
visit  the  Mercantile  Library  Building,  which 
was  formerly  the  Astor  Place  Opera-House. 
The  Astor  Library,  in  this  vicinity,  is  also 
an  attractive  spot  to  the  literary  visitor. 
Beyond,  on  the  corners  of  Fourth  Avenue, 
Broadway,  near  Prince  Street  are  the  Bible  House  and  Cooper  Institute, 


OHH  fW/,'.f*- 


18 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


the  latter  erected  by  the  generosity  of  Peter  Cooper,  a  wealthy  citizen.  It  is  a  large  brown-stone  edifice,  and 
occupies  an  entire  square.  It  contains  a  library  and  various  educational  departments,  in  which  the  poor  are 
instructed  for  a  nominal  sum  in  various  branches  of  art  and  education.  The  Colton  Dental  Association  have  their 
rooms  in  the  building,  and  make  a  specialty  of  the  use  of  nitrous-oxide  gas  for  the  painless  extraction  of  teeth. 
In  their  office  is  an  immense  scroll  containing  the  signatures  of  upward  of  forty  thousand  patients,  who  certify 
that  the  operation  was  painless.  The  building  and  neighborhood  will  be  further  described  when  we  make  a  tour 
on  the  Bowery  and  Fourth  Avenue. 

Returning  to  Broadway,  the  attention  of  the  observer  will  be  attracted  by  the  spacious  marble  structure  occu- 
pying the  square  bounded  by  Ninth  and  Tenth  Streets  and  Fourth  Avenue.  It  is  the  retail  dry-goods  store  of  the 
firm  of  A.  T.  Stewart  &  Co.,  and  is  probably  the  largest  establishment  of  the  kind  in  the  world.  It  is  only  by 
entering  that  one  can  obtain  an  idea  of  the  immensity  of  the  building,  and  even  then  it  is  startling  to  real- 
ize the  fact  that,  if  the  eight  floors  which  are  in  view  from  the  basement  to  the  dome  could  be  spread  out  on  a 


Grace  Church  and  Parsonage,  corner  of  Tenth  Street  and  Broadway. 


level,  they  would  cover  a  space  of  fifteen  acres  !  The  establishment  constitutes  a  little  world  within  itself,  for  there 
is  scarcely  any  thing  pertaining  to  the  toilet  of  a  lady,  from  hair-pins  to  the  carpets  with  which  she  furnishes  her 
boudoir,  that  may  not  be  found  in  its  proper  department. 

Grace  Church— a  square  beyond  u  Stewart's  " — marks  the  spot  where  Broadway  makes  its  sharp  turn  to  the 
left.  It  is  one  of  the  fashionable  places  of  worship,  and  has  been  the  scene  of  many  of  the  most  aristocratic  wed- 
dings and  funerals  of  New  York.  Its  architecture  and  that  of  the  adjoining  rectory  are  pleasing,  and  afford  a 
relief  to  the  surrounding  monotony  of  brick  and  stone. 

The  handsome  building  known  as  the  Methodist  Book  Concern,  on  the  left  of  Broadway,  and  Wallack's  Theatre 
on  the  right,  may  be  scanned  a  moment,  and  then  we  enter  Union  Square,  one  of  the  "  breathing-spots  "  of  the 
metropolis.  The  first  object  which  strikes  the  eye,  near  Fourteenth  Street,  is  Brown's  colossal  equestrian  statue 
of  Washington.  The  figures  are  of  bronze,  mounted  on  a  plain  granite  pedestal,  and  are  fourteen  and  a  half  feet 
in  height,  the  entire  monument,  including  the  pedestal,  being  twenty-nine  feet.    This  work  of  art  has  been  gen- 


NEW  YORK  IL  T.  USTRA  TED. 


19 


erally  and  deservedly  admired.  The  bronze  statue  of  Abraham  Lincoln  stands  on  a  granite  pedestal,  at  the  oppo- 
site or  western  angle  of  the  square.  The  likeness  of  the  famous  ex-President  is  perfect.  Between  these  statues 
of  Washington  and  Lincoln,  at  the  head  of  Broadway,  a  bronze  statue  of  Lafayette  has  recently  been  erected, 
the  gift  of  the  French  Republic. 

The  park  is  a  beautiful  oval,  devoted  to  verdure,  save  where  the  broad  walks  and  cozy  seats  invite  the  multi- 
tude to  wander  or  to  rest.  There  is  a  fine  fountain  in  the  centre,  and  during  the  spring  and  summer  months  the 
inviting  locality  is  thronged  with  the  residents  of  this  portion  of  the  city.  The  denizens  of  the  park  are  birds — 
English  sparrows — who  are  not  only  faithful  guardians  of  the  old  trees  in  protecting  them  from  the  ravages  of 
worms,  but  are  a  source  of  never-ending  amusement.  At  the  upper  end  of  the  park  is  a  wide  plaza  for  military 
parades  and  popular  assemblies.  A  cottage  faces  the  plaza,  with  a  platform  for .  speakers,  or  for  officers  upon 
occasions  of  reviews ;  while  handsomely-painted  and  highly-ornamented  flag-poles  and  many  lamps  adorn  the  place. 
It  is  admirably  arranged  for  its  purpose. 

Years  ago,  Union  Square  was  a  fashionable  neighborhood,  wherein  resided  some  of  the  oldest  and  wealthiest 
citizens  of  New  York,  but  it  has  yielded  to  the  march  of  trade,  and  every  day  changes  are  taking  place  in  its 
aspect.  The  old  brick  mansions  are  being  torn  down,  to  make  way  for  elegant  structures,  and  doubtless  another 
decade  will  witness  an  imposing  array  of  architectural  fronts.  Already  there  is  a  circle  of  select  hotels,  restaurants, 
and  stores.  On  the  coiner  of  Broadway  and  Fourteenth  Street  is  the  Maison  Dorec,  and  adjoining  it  the  Union 
Square  Theatre.  Making  a  circle  to  the  right,  we  find  on  the  corner  of  Fourteenth  Street  and  Fourth  Avenue  a 
massive  granite  structure,  erected  for  banking  and  other  purposes  by  a  German  corporation.  Farther  up  Fourth 
Avenue,  we  see  the  handsome  front  of  the  Union  Place  Hotel ;  then  the  tall  iron  building  of  the  Singer 
Sewing- Machine  Company;  and  a  little  beyond,  the  handsome  proportions  of  the  Everett  House  and  Clar- 
endon Hotel.  Continuing  our  walk,  we  pass  by  a  row 
—    -^^gfesL^T^5^-^  -   "  of  elegant  brick  structures  on  the  northern  side  of  the 

'<jSMs£SB^^!^ ^*n^' .ja^^^SSs,  square,  and,  returning  toward  the  point  at  which  we 

started,  see  the  splendid  iron  edifice  of  Messrs.  Tiffany 
&  Co. — the  well-known  jewelers — an  establishment  al- 
ways well  worthy  of  a  visit,  because  many  of  the  arts 
of  the  Old  World  and  the  New  there  find  fitting  repre- 
sentation. This  building  occupies  the  site  formerly 
covered  by  Dr.  Cheever's  Church  of  the  Puritans.  Con- 
tinuing our  walk,  we  find,  on  the  second  square  above, 
a  handsome  and  artistic  structure  of  brick  and  Caen- 
stone,  occupied  by  Decker  &  Brothers,  the  well-known 
piano-makers  ;  and  on  the  same  square  is  the  new  retail 
shop  of  the  Gorham  Manufacturing  Company,  whose 
silver-plate  is  known  all  over  the  land. 

While  here  we  may  glance  down  Fourteenth  Street 
to  the  west.  Very  recently  this  was  a  street  of  fashion- 
able residences,  but,  as  in  so  many  other  localities, 
business  has  driven  out  fashion  and  taken  possession  of 
its  habitations.  The  same  parlors  which  once  were 
graced  by  brilliant  assemblages  of  fair  dames  and 
gallant  men  are  now  devoted  to  the  display  of  furniture, 
or  perchance,  still  faithful  to  the  goddess  Fashion,  have 
become  the  domain  of  the  modiste  and  the  milliner. 
All  this  part  of  the  city  is  now  fashionable  shopping- 
ground,  and  on  fair  days  in  season  is  thronged  with 
multitudes  of  ladies,  affording  a  most  animated  and 
brilliant  scene.  Two  squares  to  the  west,  on  Fourteenth 
Street  (at  the  corner  of  Sixth  Avenue),  is  the  well-known 
popular  establishment  of  Macy  k  Co.,  the  Bon  Marche 
of  New  York.  Just  west  of  Sixth  Avenue  is  the  Lyceum 
Theatre,  and  on  the  opposite  side  are  the  temporary  quar- 
ters of  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  a  fine  old  man- 
sion, which  in  its  present  use  recalls  the  Cluny  Museum 
of  Paris.  This  place  should  be  visited.  In  Fourteenth 
St.,  just  east  from  Union  Square,  is  Stein  way  Music-Hail. 
At  the  corner  of  Irving  Place,  on  the  same  side  of  the 


Decker  &  Brothers'  Building,  Union  Square. 


20  NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Union  Square. 


street,  is  the  Academy  of  Music,  the  scene  of  the  triumphs  of  many  of  the  most  distinguished  operatic  singers  of 
these  later  days,  and  a  place  famous  for  the  grand  balls  and  receptions  given  in  honor  of  public  guests.  The 

handsome  brick  and  granite 
building  beyond  the  Academy 
is  "  Tammany  Hall."  It  is  an 
ordinary  building,  architectu- 
rally, but  has  often  been  the 
centre  of  wild  and  stirring  po- 
litical events,  especially  during 
the  sessions  of  Democratic  con- 
ventions. Looking  westwardlv, 
we  find  that  Fourteenth  Street 
has  been  invaded  by  merchants 
and  other  men  of  business.  On 
the  corner  of  Fifth  Avenue, 
Delmonico  until  recently  ca- 
tered to  the  gastronomic  tastes 
of  the  fashionable  public,  but 
this  famous  restaurant  has  been 
removed  to  the  corner  of  Fifth 
Avenue  and  Twenty  -  sixth 
Street.  Farther  on  are  to  be 
seen  the  Armory  of  the  Twen- 
ty-second Regiment,  the  broad 
portico  of  the  new  Lyceum 
Theatre,  sheltering  the  side- 
walk to  the  curb,  and  long, 
handsome  blocks  of  brown- 
stone  mansions  that  are  only 
awaiting  the  lapse  of  a  few 
years  to  be  absorbed  by  the  cur- 
rent of  commerce  and  turned 
St.  George's  Church,  corner  of  Sixteenth  Street  and  Rutherford  Place.  into  a  more  public  channel. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


21 


Before  leaving  the  vicinity  of  Union  Square,  it  will  well  repay  the  lover  of  the  artistic  and  beautiful  to  obtain 
a  view  of  St.  George's  Church,  which  is  situated  on  the  corner  of  East  Sixteenth  Street  and  Rutherford  Place. 
This  edifice  is  said  to  be  capable  of  holding,  a  larger  congregation  than  any  other  ecclesiastical  structure  in  the 
city  of  New  York.  It  is  built  of  solid  brown-stone,  and,  with  its  two  lofty  towers  looking  to  the  east,  and  im- 
mense depth  and  height  of  wall,  is  certainly  entitled  to  the  first  rank  among  the  religious  edifices  of  America.  It 
was  erected  in  1849 ;  but  the  interior  was  completely  destroyed  by  fire  on  the  14th  of  November,  1865.  The  re- 
fitting of  the  building  was  immediately  entered  upon,  and  it  is  now  one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  country.  The 
interior  is  very  striking  in  its  polychromatic  designs,  and  the  ceiling  of  the  roof  is  a  "  thing  of  beauty  "  well  worth 
seeing.  The  chancel  is  one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  city.  The  adjoining  rectory — the  abode  of  the  venerated 
Rector  of  St.  George's,  Rev.  Stephen  H.  Tyng — and  the  chapel  on  Sixteenth  Street,  are  architecturally  and  other- 
wise in  keeping  with  the  noble  edifice  of  which  they  are  a  part. 

The  church  fronts  on  Stuyvesant  Square,  the  prettiest  of  all  the  smaller  parks  in  the  city.  The  area  comprised 
is  between  Rutherford  and  Livingston  Places,  and  Fifteenth  and  Seventeenth  Streets.  It  is  intersected  by  Second 
Avenue,  and  is  surrounded  by  brown-stone  houses.  In  the  vicinity  are  the  residences  of  some  of  the  oldest 
families,  including  those  of  the  Honorable  Hamilton  Fish,  William  M.  Evarts,  the  Rutherfords,  and  the  Stuy- 
vesants.  Unlike  Gramercy  Park,  which  is  near  by,  Stuyvesant  Park  is  a  free  gift  to  the  people,  and  in  the  hot 
davs  of  summer  its  shades  are  crowded  by  poor  dwellers  from  the  tenements  in  the  adjacent  east-side  avenues. 
Its  trees  and  shrubbery  are  remarkably  luxuriant,  and  afford  a  charming  contrast  to  the  wilderness  of  brick, 
brown-stone,  and  stucco  around. 

Second  Avenue,  hereabout,  crosses  the  ground  which,  in  ancient  times,  constituted  the  old  "  Bowerie  "  estate  of 
Governor  Stuyvesant,  one  of  the  famous  rulers  of  the  New  Netherlands.  Here,  the  old  chronicles  tell  us,  "  he  enjoyed 
the  repose  of  agricultural  pursuits  within  sight  of  the  smoke  of  the  city,  which  curled  above  the  tree-tops."  His 
house  was  built  of  small  yellow  brick,  imported  from  Holland,  and  stood  near  the  present  St.  Mark's  Church, 
between  Second  and  Third  Avenues.  A  fine  brick  building  now  covers  the  spot.  A  pear-tree,  imported  from 
Holland  by  Stuyvesant  in  1647,  and  planted  in  his  garden,  long  held  ground  at  the  corner  of  Thirteenth  Street 
and  Third  Avenue.  On  the  site  of  the  present  St.  Mark's  church,  Governor  Stuyvesant  built  a  chapel  at  his 
own  expense,  and  dedicated  it  to  the  service  of  God  according  to  the  ritual  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church.  At 
his  death  he  was  buried  in  the  vault  within  the  chapel,  and  over  his  remains  was  placed  a  slab  which  may 
still  be  seen  in  the  eastern  wall  of  St.  Mark's,  with  the  following  inscription:  "In  this  vault  lies  buried  Petri's 
Stuyvesant,  late  Captain-General  and  Commander-in-Chief  of  Amsterdam,  in  New  Netherlands,  now  called  New 
York,  and  the  Dutch  West  India  Islands.  Died  in  August,  a.  n.  1682,  aged  eighty  years."  Other  tablets  and 
curious  monuments  of  the  past  are  to  be  found  in  this  quaint  old  building. 

Passing  through  St.  Mark's  Place  we  soon  reach  Broadway,  whence  by  Waverley  Place  it  is  but  a  step  to 
Washington  Square,  another  of  the  lovely  spots  that  are  to  be  found  here  and  there  in  the  heart  of  the  metropolis, 
where  among  the  leafy  shadows  of  the  trees  one  may  find  repose.  The  square  was  once  the  site  of  Potter's  Field, 
the  pauper  burying-ground.  Now  it  is  surrounded  by  elegant  private  residences,  and  is  beautifully  laid  out,  and 
made  attractive  as  a  place  of  public  resort.  The  New  York  University  and  an  old  stone  church  are  to  be  seen 
on  its  eastern  front.  There  are  nine  acres  within  the  inclosure,  and  it  is  not  more  the  haunt  of  birds  than  of  the 
wearied  thousands  who  on  a  summer  day  or  evening  find  comfort  in  its  balmy  air.    Here  commences 

FIFTH  AVENUE, 

perhaps  the  most  famous  street  in  America,  yet  only  famous  as  the  representative  locality  in  which,  for  more  than 
thirty  years,  fashionable  New  York  has  expended  its  love  for  lavish  display.  Probably  there  is  not  another  street 
in  the  world  wherein  are  more  elegant  and  imposing  private  residences,  furnished  with  princely  magnificence,  or 
more  exquisite  collections  of  those  trifles  of  art  and  taste  which  bespeak  a  high  order  of  cultivation.  It  now  ex- 
tends from  Waverley  Place  into  the  wilderness  at  the  upper  end  of  the  island,  and  there  is  scarcely  an  edifice  on 
which  the  eye  may  rest,  in  that  long  stretch  of  three  or  four  miles,  that  is  not  suggestive  of  architectural  beauty 
of  design.  Wealth  reigns  in  this  region  almost  supreme,  and,  while  many  noble  blocks  of  buddings  will  arrest 
the  attention  of  the  observer  elsewhere,  he  will  not  elsewhere  find  such  an  unbroken  phalanx  of  genuine  brown- 
stone  supremacy. 

It  would  be  impracticable  to  describe  in  detail  the  many  objects  of  interest  which  are  to  be  seen  on  this 
avenue ;  to  penetrate  its  gorgeous  club-houses  ;  its  large  and  expensive  libraries  ;  choice  picture-galleries,  private 
billiard-rooms,  and  exquisitely-furnished  parlors ;  and  a  drive  up  its  Belgian  pavement  and  a  glance  at  the  exterior 
decorations  of  its  handsome  mansions  must  suffice.  We  pass  on,  only  taking  note  of  the  melancholy  fact,  adverted 
to  elsewhere  in  connection  with  aristocratic  localities,  that  even  this  exclusive  atmosphere  has  been  at  last  intruded 


22 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Fifth  Avenue  Scenes. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


23 


upon  by  the  milliner,  tailor,  and  mesdame  of  the  boarding-house.  Yea,  even  the  "tiger"  has  made  his  lair  in  the 
vicinity,  and  outside  barbarians  in  the  lower  social  scale  claim  an  abiding-place  within  the  heretofore  sacred 
precincts. 

The  real  glory  of  the  avenue,  however,  is  to  be  seen  best  on  Sunday  after  the  morning  service.  Fashion  in  all 
of  its  strangest  conglomerations,  and  beauty  in  its  most  exquisite  dress,  then  exhibit  themselves  on  the  promenade. 
This  Sunday  stroll  is  considered  the  correct  thing  to  "  do,"  even  though  it  may  require  a  walk  of  several  squares 
to  join  the  throng,  and,  from  the  persistent  regularity  of  the  Christian  crowd  in  making  its  appearance  at  the  stated 
time,  it  would  seem  as  if  it  were  a  part  of  the  religious  etiquette  of  society  to  merge  its  devotion  into  a  kaleido- 
scopic panorama  which  at  once  displays  the  last  miracle  of  the  toilet .  and  the  most  startling  invention  of  the 
modiste.  The  avenue  is  likewise  a  favorite  highway  for  the  owners  of  equipages  en  route  to  and  from  the  Central 
Park,  and  every  pleasant  afternoon  witnesses  a  display  of  showy  animals  and  vehicles  almost  matchless  in  its  ex- 
tent and  variety.  Next  to  a  fashionable  race-course,  it  is  the  place  above  all  others  in  New  York  for  the  exhibi- 
tion of  handsome  horse-flesh.  On  the  right  and  left  of  Fifth  Avenue,  as  we  proceed  upward,  are  various  points 
of  interest  whither  we  may  profitably  digress.  The  Brevoort  House — an  aristocratic  family  hotel — may  be  noticed. 
At  the  corner  of  Fifteenth  Street  is  the  Manhattan  Club,  and  at  the  corner  of  Twenty-first  Street  the  Union  Club. 


Fifth  Avenue,  at  corner  of  Twenty-first  Street. 


At  the  corner  of  Eighteenth  Street  are  the  new  music-hall  and  warerooms  of  Chickering  &  Co.,  the  piano-makers. 
At  Twenty-third  Street  is  Cunther's  famous  fur  establishment.  Here  we  are  at  Madison  Square — a  lovclv  park, 
embracing  ten  acres  of  turf  and  foliage,  and  surrounded  by  fine  dwellings.  Prominent  are  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel 
and  the  Hoffman  House,  the  latter  a  fashionable  and  popular  hotel  kept  on  the  European  plan.  One  of  the  most 
notable  features  of  the  Square,  standing  at  the  intersection  of  Broadway  with  Fifth  Avenue,  almost  directly  oppo- 
site the  Hoffman  House,  is  the  monument  erected  to  the  memory  of  General  Worth,  by  the  corporation  of  the 
city  of  New  York,  in  1857,  eight  years  after  the  death  of  the  aged  and  gallant  hero  in  Texas.  The  monument  is 
four-sided,  chaste  and  beautiful,  each  side  of  the  base  and  shaft  bearing  inscriptions  pertaining  to  the  memory  of 
the  deceased,  and  the  names  of  the  different  engagements  in  which  he  distinguished  himself,  with  handsome  bronze 
reliefs  between  the  inscriptions  on  the  base  and  those  above. 


24  MEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Fifth  Avenue  Hotel  and  Hoffman  House. 


The  front,  or  southward-looking  side,  presents  a  handsome  equestrian  image  of  General  Worth  in  high  relief, 
with  armorial  insignia  of  the  same  material  above,  and  the  name  and  military  title  of  the  deceased  in  raised  stone 
letters  on  the  base  below ;  while,  lettered  in  the  shaft  above,  one  below  the  other,  are  the  celebrated  battle-names 
of  "  Monterey,"  "  Vera  Cruz,"  "  San  Antonio,"  "  City  of  Mexico."  The  west  side  (facing  the  Hoffman  House) 
states,  on  the  base,  the  time  and  occasion  of  the  monument's  erection  by  the  corporation,  with  a  laurel-wreath  in 
bronze ;  and,  lettered  on  the  shaft,  "  Contreras,"  "  Churubusco,"  "  West  Point,"  "  Molino  del  Rev."  The  east,  or 
Madison-Square  side,  presents  a  similar  wreath,  the  inscription  "  Ducit  Amor  Patriae,"  and  "  Perote,"  "  Puebla," 


Booth's  Theatre,  at  corner  of  Twenty-third  Street  and  Sixth  Avenue. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


25 


Masonic  Temple   on  Twenty-third  Street  and  Sixth  Avenue. 

"  Cerro  Gordo,"  "  Chapultepec."  The  base  of  the  rear  records  the  place  and  time  of  the  birth  (Hudson,  N.  Y., 
1794)  and  death  (Texas,  1849)  of  the  illustrious  general ;  with  bronze  shields  and  upraised  arm,  mailed  and 
weaponed,  in  demi-relief,  and  the  names  of  "  Florida,"  "  Chippewa,"  "  Fort  George,"  and  "  Lundy's  Lane,"  upon 
the  shaft.    A  bronze  statue  of  William  H.  Seward  was  erected  in  Madison  Park  in  the  summer  of  1876 


I  he  Giand  Opera-Houie,  at  corner  cf  Twenty-third  Street  and  Eighth  Avenue. 

4 


KEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


At  Madison  Square,  Madison  Avenue  begins,  and  for  about  two  miles  rivals  Fifth  Avenue  in  the  number  and 
elegance  of  its  fashionable  dwellings,  churches,  and  club-houses.  As  it  approaches  Central  Park  it  is  in  the  rough 
condition  of  a  new  thoroughfare,  however,  monstrous  water  and  gas  pipes  lying  in  the  roadway  and  obstructing 
vehicles.  In  the  course  of  a  year  or  two,  when  it  will  be  complete,  it  will  be  unequaled  for  the  imposing  char- 
acter of  its  architecture. 

A  walk  down  Twenty-third  Street  brings  us  to  Booth's  Theatre,  one  of  the  handsomest  places  of  amusement 
in  America.  It  is  of  the  Renaissance  style,  and  ninety-four  feet  high  to  the  cornice  of  its  Mansard  roof. 
The  frontage  on  Twenty-third  Street  is  one  hundred  and  forty-nine  feet,  and  the  whole  is  built  of  the  finest  Con- 
cord granite.  The  interior  is  equally  magnificent,  and  will  seat  about  three  thousand  persons.  On  the  opposite 
corner  stands  the  new  Masonic  Temple.  It  is  built  of  granite,  and  there  is  a  breadth  of  treatment  in  its  various 
parts,  and  a  severe  and  classical  simplicity  in  its  ornamentation,  which  strongly  commend  it  to  all  lovers  of  good 
taste  in  art.  The  main  entrance,  on  Twenty-third  Street,  is  through  a  Doric  portico  of  coupled  Doric  columns. 
The  first  story  is  devoted  to  business  purposes.  The  next  story  is  treated  in  Ionic  style,  and  devoted  to  the  use 
of  the  Grand  Lodge  and  its  officials.  When  this  body  is  not  in  session,  however,  the  grand  hall  is  rented  for  lect- 
ures and  concerts.  The  third  and  fourth  stories  are  occupied  exclusively  by  lodge  and  chapter  rooms.  The 
Mansard  story  is  used  by  the  Knight  Templars,  and  is  the  most  complete  commandery,  in  all  of  its  arrangements, 
in  existence.  It  may  be  of  interest  to  state  that  the  first  subscription  toward  the  erection  of  the  building  was 
made  several  years  ago  by  Edwin  Forrest,  and  that  the  fund  has  gone  on  steadily  increasing.  The  outlay  of  money 


The  "  Stevens  House,"  corner  of  Twenty-seventh  Street  and  Broadway  to  Fifth  Avenue. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


21 


will  not  fall  short  of  a  million  dollars.  The  net  rental  is  devoted  entirely  to  the  support  of  the  widows  and  orphans 
of  masons. 

On  the  corner  of  Twenty-third  Street  and  Eighth  Avenue  may  be  seen  the  handsome  edifice  known  as  the 
Grand  Opera-House,  until  recently  occupied  by  the  offices  of  the  Erie  Railroad  Company.    The  building  has  a  front 


Church  of  the  Transfiguration,  Twen.y-ninth  Stieet,  near  Fifth  Avtnue. 


of  one  hundred  and  thirteen  feet  on  the  avenue,  and  ninety-eight  feet  on  Twenty-third  Street.  The  main  entrance 
to  the  theatre  is  twenty-one  feet  wide,  but  the  theatre  proper  is  a  rear  building,  the  approach  to  which  is  through 
a  spacious  passage  or  vestibule  eighty  feet  long. 


Marble  Mansion  at  the  corner  of  Fif'h  Avanue  and  Thirty-fourth  Street  erected  by  the  late  Mr.  A.  T.  Stewart. 


28 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Returning  to  Broadway,  the  visitor  will  be  attracted  by  the  unique  and  beautiful  structure  on  the  corner  of 
Twenty-seventh  Street,  known  as  "  The  Stevens  House."  This  was  built  by  the  late  Mr.  Paran  Stevens,  the  well- 
known  hotel-keeper,  so  long  connected  with  the  Revere  House  in  Boston,  the  Continental  in  Philadelphia,  and 


Rese.voir  and  Rutgers  Institute. 

the  Fifth  Avenue  of  New  York.  It  was  his  object  to  supply  a  want  felt  in  all  large  cities  by  small  families  of 
means,  but  who  do  not  choose  to  maintain  expensive  establishments,  and  most  happily  has  this  edifice  been 
planned  with  that  view.    Each  floor  is  composed  of  various  suites  of  rooms,  wherein  there  are  all  the  accommo- 


Fifth  Avenue  and  Fifty-sixth  Street. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


29 


dations  for  house  keeping,  and  elevators  make  it  a  matter  of  indifference  to  the  lodger,  so  far  as  fatigue  is  con- 
cerned, whether  he  be  on  the  first  floor  or  the  seventh.  The  exterior  of  the  building  is  elegant ;  it  is,  indeed,  one 
of  the  most  truly  picturesque  architectural  piles  in  the  eity. 

We  now  pass  on  to  Fifth  Avenue,  where,  near  the  corner  of  Twenty-ninth  Street,  we  have  a  glance  at  the 
Church  of  the  Transfiguration,  or,  as  it  is  now  more  popularly  known,  "the  little  church  around  the  corner," 
a  name  bestowed  upon  it  by  a  neighboring  clergyman,  who,  refusing  to  bury  an  actor  from  his  own  church,  re- 
ferred the  applicant  to  this.  It  is  more  interesting  from  its  quaint  irregularity,  and  air  of  seclusion,  than  from 
any  architectural  pretensions.  With  the  attendant  buildings  that  have  been  added  from  time  to  time,  the  church 
occupies  about  ten  lots. 

Farther  up  the  avenue,  on  the  corner  of  Thirty-fourth  Street  {see  page  27),  is  the  marble  house  built  by  the 
late  Mr.  A.  T.  Stewart — unquestionably  the  most  costly  and  luxurious  private  residence  on  the  continent.  The 
reception  and  drawing  rooms,  the  dining,  breakfast,  and  sleeping  rooms,  are  very  beautiful.  There  is  a  picture- 
gallery,  containing  one  of  the  finest  private  collections  of  paintings  in  the  country. 

We  are  now  in  the  region  of  an  almost  unbroken  line  of  architectural  beauty,  elegant  churches  and  mansions 
abound,  and  the  wonderful  changes  that  are  taking  place  in  the  upper  portion  of  New  York  are  written  on  every 
side.  Between  Forty-first  and  Forty-second  Streets,  on  Fifth  Avenue — "  Murray  Hill "  as  it  is  known — is  the  Dis- 
tributing Reservoir  of  the  Croton  Water  Works.  Its  walls  are  of  massive  masonry,  and  in  the  Egyptian  style  of 
architecture.  It  is  visible  on  the  right  of  the  picture.  Immediately  opposite  is  the  Rutgers  Female  College,  occu- 
pying a  series  of  buildings  originally  erected  for  dwellings.  It  is  a  flourishing  and  excellent  institution.  The~ new 
Jewish  Synagogue,  on  the  avenue,  in  the  immediate  neighborhood,  is  worthy  of  study  as  the  purest  example  of  the 
Moresque  style  of  architecture  in  this  country.    It  is  attractive  without,  by  reason  of  its  unusual  ornamentation, 


Synagogue,  Fifth  Avenue. 


30 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


and  is  wonderfully  beautiful  within.  An  illustration  of  a  very  handsome  block  of  Caen-stone  residences  recently 
erected  on  Fifth  Avenue,  just  before  the  visitor  reaches  Central  Park,  is  given  in  one  of  the  accompanying  pict- 
ures.   The  style  is  simple,  yet  the  general  effect  is  one  that  elicits  only  the  most  favorable  criticisms. 

While  in  this  vicinity,  the  observer  will  see  the  rising  walls  of  what  is  destined  to  be  perhaps  the  most  magnifi- 
cent ecclesiastical  building  in  the  New  World — St.  Patrick's  Cathedral.  The  structure  was  begun  in  1858,  and 
occupies  the  most  elevated  site  on  Fifth  Avenue.  A  stratum  of  solid  rock  supports  the  foundation,  and  above  the 
granite  base-course  the  material  is  a  white  marble.  The  style  of  the  building  is  Gothic — that  which  prevailed  in 
Europe  from  the  beginning  of  the  thirteenth  century  to  the  close  of  the  fourteenth,  and  will,  it  is  said,  preserve  a 
judicious  mean  between  the  heaviness  of  the  latter  period  and  the  over-elaboration  of  later  times.  The  decora- 
tions on  the  Fifth  Avenue  front  will  be  unsurpassed.  There  will  be  a  tower  and  spire  on  each  corner,  each  meas- 
ing  three  hundred  and  twenty-eight  feet  from  the  ground  to  the  summit  of  the  cross.  At  the  corner  of  Fifty-third 
Street  is  St.  Thomas's  Church,  the  interior  of  which  is  well  worth  seeing ;  and  at  the  corner  of  Fifty-fifth  Street  is 
the  church  presided  over  by  the  famous  and  eloquent  Dr.  Hall.  The  tower  of  this  church  is  the  highest  in  the  city. 

Near  here  is  the  Mount  Sinai  Hospital,  on  Lexington  Avenue,  between  Sixty-sixth  and  Sixty-seventh  Streets. 
The  buildings  are  of  the  Elizabethan  style  of  architecture,  and  are  faced  with  brick  and  marble  trimmings.  The 
institution  is  one  of  the  most  complete  of  its  kind  in  the  metropolis,  and  embodies  all  the  improvements  of  mod- 
ern art  in  its  interior  arrangements  for  the  comfort  of  patients. 


Roman  Catholic  Cathedral  (now  erecting),  on  Fifth  Avenue. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


31 


We  are  now  in  a  neigh- 
borhood where,  turning 
the  eye  in  almost  any 
direction,  it  will  rest  on 
the  towers,  domes,  and 
stately  proportions,  of  nu- 
merous public  and  private 
edifices.  Prominent  among 
these  on  Seventieth  Street 
will  be  observed  the  Lenox 
Hospital,  a  noble  charity, 
represented  by  one  of  the 
handsomest  structures  of 
the  kind  in  New  York,  con- 
sisting of  a  central  build- 
two 


ing  and 
wings  of 
character, 
which  is  given 


imposing 
corresponding 
but    one  of 
in  our  il- 


Another  good 


lustration, 
deed  of  the  founder  of  the 
hospital,  James  Lenox, 
blossoms  in  the  Lenox 
Library,  which  occupies 
nearly  the  whole  space 
between  Seventieth  and 
Seventy-first  Streets  on 


Mount  Sinai  Hospital,  Sixty-sixth  Street. 


The  Lenox  Hospiial. 


Fifth  Avenue.  The  building  is  one 
hundred  and  ninety -two  feet  in 
length,  one  hundred  and  fourteen 
feet  in  depth,  and  one  hundred  and 
one  feet  in  height.  It  is  set  back 
from  the  street,  and  is  built  of  light 
stone,  in  the  modern  French  style  of 
architecture,  which  presents  a  most 
unique  and  attractive  appearance. 
The  gift  of  the  founder  includes  his 
collection  of  manuscripts,  printed 
books,  engravings,  paintings,  and 
other  works  of  art — one  of  the  most 
valuable  and  useful  collections  in 
America  —  and  the  sum  of  three 
hundred  thousand  dollars  for  the 
maintenance  of  the  library. 

Crossing  over  to  Sixty-eighth 
Street,  and  near  Fourth  Avenue,  we 
shall  see  also  the  "  Old  Ladies'  Home 
of  the  Baptist  Church."  The  ground 
runs  through  the  entire  block,  and 
has  a  front  of  one  hundred  and  twen- 
ty-five feet.  The  building  is  five 
stories  in  height,  arranged  in  the 
form  of  the  letter  H,  and  is  crowned 
with  a  Mansard  roof,  with  towers. 
The  style  of  architecture  is  semi- 
Gothic.  Near  Third  Avenue,  on 
Seventy-seventh  Street,  is  an  inter- 


32 


The  Lenox  Library. 


esting  institution,  known  as  the  Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum  and  Industrial  School.  Boys  and  girls  are  here  taught 
trades  of  various  kinds,  prominent  among  which  is  that  of  a  printer. 

At  Sixty-ninth  Street,  between  Fourth  and  Lexington  Avenues,  you  will  find  an  ecclesiastical-looking  building, 
occupied  by  the  new  Normal  College,  the  most  complete  of  its  kind  in  America.  The  college  building  proper  is 
about  three  hundred  feet  long,  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  feet  wide,  facing  Fourth  Avenue ;  seventy-eight  feet 
wide  in  the  rear,  and  over  seventy  feet  high.  It  contains  thirty  recitation-rooms,  three  large  lecture-rooms,  a  calis- 
thenium,  a  library,  six  retiring-ryooms  for  instructors,  president's  offices,  and  a  main  hall,  capable  of  seating  six- 
teen hundred  students.  Each  recitation-room  contains  seats  for  forty-eight,  and  each  lecture-room  for  one  hundred 
and  forty-four  persons.  The  entire  cost  of  the  building  was  three  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars.  A  model 
or  training  school  is  erected  in  the  rear,  in  which  pupil-teachers  have  an  opportunity  to  supplement  their  theoretic 
studies  with  the  practical. 

Still  moving  toward  the  upper  end  of  the  island,  we  shall  find  yet  another  in  the  chain  of  eleemosynary  insti- 
tutions, located  on  the  corner  of  Madison  Avenue  and  Eighty-ninth  Street,  one  block  from  Central  Park.  This 
is  St.  Luke's  Home  for  Indigent  Females — a  handsome  four-story  building,  with  a  Mansard  roof  and  three 
towers.  The  style  is  mediaeval  Gothic,  the  materials  of  construction  being  Philadelphia  pressed  brick,  trimmed 
with  Buena  Vista  stone.  On  the  adjoining  ground  is  the  "Church  of  the  Beloved  Disciple" — the  prominent  fea- 
ture of  which  is  its  tower.  This  is  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  feet  in  height,  and  commands  a  view  as  far  as  the 
eye  can  reach  in  every  direction,  including  the  Sound,  Hudson  River,  the  bay,  and  harbor. 

We  may  now  temporarily  retrace  our  steps,  until  we  reach  the  Grand  Central  Depot  at  Forty-second  Street. 
This  is  considered  as  the  greatest  representative  work  in  America  of  the  peculiar  type  to  which  it  belongs.  Its 
exterior  is  imposing,  and  its  immense  size  and  regularity  give  it  a  marked  prominence  in  a  city  where  there  is  so 
much  architectural  discord.    Approaching  from  Fifth  Avenue,  the  eye  is  first  caught  by  the  great  towers  and  then 


Grand  Central  Depot. 


34 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED 


by  the  main  or  western  fagade.  The  latter  is  about  seven  hundred  feet  in  length,  and,  when  seen  by  moonlight, 
reminds  the  traveler  strongly  of  the  Tuileries  in  Paris.  Within,  every  thing  is  spacious,  liberal,  and  well 
arranged.  The  waiting  and  baggage  rooms  and  offices  are  commodious ;  while,  stepping  out  into  the  great  car- 
house,  we  can  feel  but  one  sentiment — unmingled  admiration  for  the  skill  which  has  spanned  three  acres  with  one 
magnificent  arched  roof.  Trains  are  arriving  or  departing  at  nearly  all  hours  of  the  day,  and  the  scene  is  full  of 
genuine  American  activity.  At  the  corner  of  Madison  Avenue  and  Forty-second  Street  is  the  new  Church  of  the 
Holy  Trinity,  a  peculiar-looking  edifice,  of  which  the  Rev.  Stephen  H.  Tyng,  Jr.,  is  pastor. 

Passing  down  to  Thirty-fourth  Street,  we  come  upon  Park  Avenue,  a  highly-fashionable  thoroughfare,  built 
over  the  tunnel  of  the  Fourth  Avenue  car-line.    At  regular  intervals,  in  the  centre  of  the  avenue,  are  neatly-railed 


Paik  Avenue. 


inclosures  of  green  sod,  with  a  grated  aperture  through  which  light  is  admitted  and  ventilation  supplied  to  the 
tunnel.  Near  the  southwest  corner  of  Thirty-fourth  Street  and  Park  Avenue  is  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  the 
Covenant,  built  in  the  Lombardo-Gothic  style,  and  at  the  corner  of  Thirty-third  St.,  is  an  iron  structure  of  immense 
size  and  profuse  ornamentation,  built  by  A.  T.  Stewart,  and  intended  by  him  to  be  a  hotel  for  working-women. 

Situated  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Fourth  Avenue  and  Twenty-third  Street  is  one  of  the  most  peculiar-looking 
edifices  in  the  metropolis — the  National  Academy  of  Design.  The  plan  of  the  exterior  was  copied  from  a  famous 
palace  in  Venice,  and  the  artistically-blended  colors  from  basement  to  roof  are  in  pleasing  contrast  to  the  brown- 
stone  fa9ades  which  abound  in  the  vicinity.  The  edifice  has  a  front  of  eighty  feet  on  Twenty-third  Street,  and  of 
ninety-eight  feet  and  nine  inches  on  Fourth  Avenue.  The  double  flight  of  steps  leading  to  the  main  entrance  has 
been  skillfully  made  a  part  of  the  general  ornamental  design,  and,  with  its  beautiful  carvings  and  drinking-fountain 
beneath,  is  radiant  with  unique  embellishments.  The  walls  of  the  lower  story  are  of  gray  marble,  marked  with 
intervening  lines  of  North  River  blue-stone,  and  the  entire  elevation  is  thus  variegated  in  blue,  gray,  and  white. 
Within,  the  decorations  are  correspondingly  beautiful.  The  grand  staircase  is  wide,  massive,  and  imposing  in 
effect,  the  vestibule  having  an  ornamental  pavement  of  variegated  marbles,  with  wood-work  oiled  and  polished  so 
as  to  show  its  natural  color  and  grain.  The  exhibition-galleries  occupy  the  whole  of  the  third  story,  which  is 
lighted  from  the  roof.  On  the  second  floor  are  a  lecture-room  and  other  apartments — the  latter  being  finished  like 
the  parlors  of  a  first-class  house.    The  cost  of  the  building  was  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  thousand  dollars. 

Directly  opposite  the  Academy  of  Design,  on  the  southwest  corner  of  Fourth  Avenue  and  Twenty-third  Street, 
is  the  building  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  a  highly-ornamental  structure  to  this  part  of  the  city. 
It  is  among  the  finest  specimens  of  the  Renaissance  style  of  architecture  in  the  metropolis.    The  roof  is  of  the 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


35 


btewart's  Hotel  for  Working-women,  Fourth  Avenue  and  Thirty-second  Street. 


steep  Mansard  pattern,  presenting  towers  of  equal  height  at  each  corner  of  the  building,  and  a  large  tower  (win, 
dowed)  over  the  entrance  on  Twenty-third  Street.  The  material  is  New  Jersey  brown-stone  and  the  yellowish 
marble  from  Ohio,  in  almost  equal  parts,  the  latter  composing  the  decorative  portion.  The  building  contains 
twenty-five  apartments,  including  gymnasium,  library,  lecture-rooms,  offices,  etc. 


36 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Passing  farther  down-town,  we  reach  the  Cooper  Institute  and  the  Bible-House,  two  institutions  already  men- 
tioned, but  which  deserve  a  more  extended  notice.  The  Institute  is  a  noble  brown-stone  edifice,  standing  at  the 
head  of  the  Bowery,  where  the  little  cape  of  greenery  splits  it,  upon  one  side  into  Third,  and  on  the  other  into 
Fourth  Avenue.  It  was  erected  by  Mr.  Peter  Cooper,  of  New  York,  for  the  moral,  intellectual,  and  physical  im- 
provement of  his  countrymen.  The  basement  is  almost  entirely  taken  up  by  the  large  hall,  or  lecture-room, 
wherein  have  been  held  hundreds  of  political  mass-meetings,  and  which  has  echoed  to  the  eloquence  of  the  mag- 
nates of  almost  every  political  faith.  The  ground-floor  is  occupied  by  stores  and  offices,  and  the  Institute  proper, 
or  the  "  Union,"  commences  with  the  third  story.  This  story  contains  an  exhibition-room  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  feet  long  by  eighty-two  broad.  The  fourth  story  is  a  system  of  galleries,  and  with  alcoves  for  works 
of  art.  Two  large  lecture-rooms  and  the  library  occupy  the  fifth  story.  The  library  is  entirely  free,  is  an  excel- 
lent one,  and,  with  its  reading-room,  has  been  productive  of  great  good  among  all  classes  of  the  community.  The 
building  cost  about  three  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  the  annual  income  from  the  rented  parts  is  nearly  thirty 
thousand. 

The  Bible-House,  which  stands  immediately  opposite  the  Cooper  Union,  is  one  of  the  largest  structures  of  its 
kind  in  the  world,  occupying  the  entire  block  bounded  by  Eighth  and  Ninth  Streets,  and  Third  and  Fourth  Avenues. 
Somewhat  triangular  in  form,  it  fronts  one  hundred  and  ninety-eight  feet  on  Fourth  Avenue,  ninety-six  on  Third 
Avenue,  two  hundred  and  two  on  Eighth  Street,  and  two  hundred  and  thirty-two  on  Ninth  Street.  It  is  built  of 
red  brick,  with  stone  facings,  and  cost  something  over  three  hundred  thousand  dollars.  A  large  portion  of  the 
interior  is  divided  into  offices,  the  ground-floor  being  occupied  by  shops  and  stores ;  and  the  rest  is  devoted,  by 
the  Society,  to  the  publishing  of  bibles.  They  have  printed  the  Scriptures  in  twenty-four  different  dialects,  and 
distributed  hundreds  of  thousands  of  copies  in  every  part  of  the  United  States,  supplying  prisons,  jails,  and  other 
institutions  for  the  reformation  or  punishment  of  crime,  with  thousands  of  copies  gratuitously,  and  have  undoubt- 
edly effected  much  good.  The  receipts  of  the  Society  since  the  year  of  its  organization  (1816)  have  been  between 
five  and  six  million  dollars.  About  six  hundred  and  twenty-five  persons  are  employed  in  the  Bible-House  when 
in  full  operation,  and  the  various  printing,  press,  and  book-binding  departments  are  yearly  visited  by  hundreds 
of  strangers. 


Bible-House  and  Cooper  Union,  Eighth  Street,  corner  of  Fourth  Avenue. 


• 

NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


37 


THE  BOWERY. 

If  old  Governor  Petrus  Stuyvesant  could  stand  here  in  the  heart  of  his  once  great  "  Bowerie  Farm,"  and  see 
how  it  has  been  cut  up  into  streets,  covered  by  hundreds  of  stores,  dwelling-houses,  churches,  and  schools,  and 
peopled  by  thousands  of  men  and  women,  representing  every  civilized  nation  on  the  globe,  he  would  scarce  believe 
his  senses.  And,  doubtless,  he  would  not  be  complimented  in  finding  the  name  of  his  quiet  old  homestead 
bestowed  upon  a  locality  which,  in  certain  of  its  phases,  has  no  compeer  in  or  around  New  York. 

What  Broadway  is  to  the  west  side,  the  Bowery  is  to  the  east,  only  it  is  the  grand  boulevard  of  the  working- 
classes.  If  its  shops  are  not  brilliant,  they  are  various  in  both  character  and  contents.  The  ambition  to  erect 
brown-stone  fronts,  however,  has  not  yet  become  an  epidemic,  and  in  their  place  is  a  display  of  bright  colors,  gav 
flags,  fancy  signs,  and  huge  promises  alphabetically  distorted,  that  bespeak  those  humble  beginnings  of  trade 
which,  before  now,  have  ended  in  a  home  on  the  aristocratic  avenues  up-town. 

As  you  move  down  the  broad  street,  watching  the  thousands  who  are  in  motion  on  the  sidewalk,  or  the  hundreds 
who  are  passing  to  and  fro  on  the  several  railways,  you  will  also  observe,  here  and  there,  some  fine  business  build- 
ings, savings-banks,  stores,  etc.,  but  the  great  majority  of  establishments  is  composed  of  corner  groceries,  cheap 
dry  and  fancy  goods,  and  old-clo'  shops,  filled  in  with  a  liberal  sprinkling  of  pawnbrokers,  cigar-stands,  and  small 
hucksters  of  every  conceivable  article  of  merchandise  that  is  inexpensive.  The  second,  third,  and  fourth  stories 
of  these  houses  are  generally  tenanted  by  as  many  individuals  as  can  be  conveniently  packed  together  without 
suffocation. 


Bowery  Music-Hall. 


A  peculiar  feature  of  the  Bowery  is  the  bier-gardens,  or  music-halls,  one  of  which  is  illustrated  in  the  accom- 
panying sketch.  These  nightly  attract  large  numbers  of  Germans  of  both  sexes ;  and  between  the  music,  the 
multitudes  sitting  at  the  little  tables  talking  over  their  Rhine  wine  or  beer ;  the  waiters  running  to  and  fro,  fran- 
tically clutching  the  handles  of  a  dozen  glasses  at  once ;  the  glare  of  lights ;  and  the  aroma  of  a  thousand  pipes  or 
cigars,  the  scene,  to  a  stranger,  is  inconceivably  picturesque  and  animating.  The  music  is  generally  good,  and  the 
order  observed  by  the  promiscuous  assemblage  is  characteristic  of  the  German  people. 

Near  one  of  the  largest  of  these  music-halls — the  Atlantic  Garden— is  the  Old  Bowery  Theatre,  a  place  famous 
in  the  history  of  New  York,  a  generation  or  two  ago,  when  the  gamins  of  the  street  were  the  kings  of  the  pit.  The 
"  blood-and-thunder  "  style  of  drama  still  divides,  with  the  spectacular,  the  honors  of  the  place ;  and  the  criticisms 
of  the  performance,  albeit  they  are  now  shouted  from  the  gallery  instead  of  the  parquette,  are  just  as  unique  and 
original  as  in  the  palmiest  days  of  the  Bowery  drama. 

The  theatre  occupies  the  site  upon  which  three  others  have  been  successively  burned  and  rebuilt.  The  present 
structure  is  of  the  Doric  order  of  architecture,  and,  with  its  huge  columnar  front,  presents  an  imposing  appearance. 
The  Old  Bowery  is  always  worth  a  visit,  if  for  no  other  purpose  than  to  see  and  hear  an  audience  thoroughly  rep- 
resentative of  this  side  of  the  town. 

At  the  corner  of  Canal  Street  and  the  Bowery  we  notice  the  Citizens'  Savings-Bank,  and  a  few  steps  farther 


38 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


The  Old  Bowery  Theatre. 

bring  us  into  Chatham  Square.  Thence  we  enter  Chatham  Street,  the  vestibule,  so  to  speak,  of  a  neighborhood 
once  disgraceful  for  its  abominations,  but  now  happily  undergoing  some  change  for  the  better. 

The  throng  is  as  motley  as  any  which  inspired  the  pen  of  Dickens  or  the  pencil  of  Hogarth,  but  it  is  to  be  seen 
in  its  most  characteristic  phases  at  dusk,  when  the  shop  girls  and  boys,  and  the  work-people  generally,  are  return- 
ing from  their  various  employments  ;  and  after  dark,  when  Vice  comes  from  its  hiding-places,  to  hold  high  carnival 
and  prey  upon  whatever  object  of  plunder  may  first  present  itself.  Many  of  the  houses  wear  a  forbidding  aspect, 
and  frowsy-looking  women  and  children  are  peering  from  the  upper  windows,  or  dodging  in  and  out  of  narrow 
door-ways.  Cheap  shops  abound,  in  the  rear  of  which  live  the  humble  proprietor  and  his  family,  and,  if  there  be 
an  earthly  paradise  of  oM-clo'  dealers,  pawnbrokers,  and  concert-saloons,  the  visitor  will  surely  find  it  in  this 
locality.  Still,  the  hand  of  improvement  is  visible  at  various  points  along  the  street,  and  the  tall  and  comely- 
looking  stores  that  have  been  erected  during  the  past  ten  years  give  evidence  of  progress  that  is  destined  to  result 
in  the  most  advantageous  changes  for  the  people  who  inhabit  this  portion  of  the  metropolis. 

A  glance  down  Mulberry,  Pearl,  and  others  of  the  streets  that  branch  off  from  Chatham  Street,  will  give  one  a 
view  of  the  vice-infected  localities,  such  as  once  made  the  Five  Points  infamous.  Here  may  yet  be  seen  some  of 
the  vile  dens,  wherein  have  occurred  the  bloodiest  and  most  sickening  scenes  of  metropolitan  life — holes  and  cel- 
lars rank  with  poisoned  atmosphere,  and  rum-shops  and  brothels,  in  which  black  and  white  of  both  sexes  promis- 
cuously congregate  for  a  night  of  debauch  or  crime.  It  is  neighborhoods  like  these  that  have  given  birth  to  a 
generation  of  boys  and  girls  who  are  growing  up  for  the  penitentiary  and  the  gallows.  But  almost  immediately 
next  to  low-roofed,  tottering,  dirt-begrimed  shanties,  you  will  find  the  tall  brick  buildings  of  new  mission-houses 
and  refuges.  In  the  heart  of  Five  Points  there  is  an  immense  House  of  Industry,  and  near  the  corner  of  New 
Chambers  and  Chatham  Streets  is  a  quadrangular-looking  building,  recently  erected  for  the  lodging  of  several  hun- 
dred little  newsboys. 

A  short  walk  carries  the  visitor  to  Centre  Street  and  the  Tombs,  famous  in  the  criminal  history  of  New  York, 
and  a  place  wherein  may  be  seen,  at  any  time,  the  worst  specimens  of  humanity  with  which  metropolitan  law  has 
to  deal.  The  building  is  of  granite,  and  the  architect  doubtless  intended  to  preserve  some  of  the  features  of  an 
Egyptian  temple.  There  is  certainly  an  individuality  about  its  heavy,  squat,  and  general  solid  character,  that  com- 
mands attention,  while  its  overwhelming  portico  and  pediment,  and  depressing  area  of  dismal  quadrangle,  is  a 
masterpiece  of  what  genius  may  accomplish  in  the  way  of  gratuitous  gloom.  Crime  comes  to  preliminary  judg- 
ment here  in  a  room  on  the  right-hand  side  as  you  enter.  This  is  the  Tombs  Police  Court,  where,  as  early  as  six 
or  seven  o'clock  each  morning,  a  district  justice  takes  his  seat  upon  the  bench  to  hear  what  charges  may  be 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


39 


brought  before  him,  and  decide  what 
shall  be  done  with  the  prisoners.  In 
minor  cases,  such  as  drunkenness, 
disorderly  conduct,  or  vagrancy, 
this  magistrate  can  order  summary 
fine,  commitment,  or  discharge,  at 
his  discretion.  Commitments  are 
made  to  the  jurisdiction  of  several 
higher  courts,  but  the  only  one  of 
these  in  the  Tombs  building  is  the 
Court  of  Special  Sessions.  The  in- 
terior arrangements  of  the  jail 
proper  do  not  materially  differ  from 
those  usually  found  in  institutions 
of  the  kind.  There  are  eleven  cells 
of  special  strength  and  security,  in 
which  are  convicts  sentenced  to 
death,  or  a  life  in  the  State  Prison ; 
six  others,  wherein  are  locked  up 
those  guilty  of  less  heinous  crimes ; 
md  six  more  used  for  hospital  pur- 
poses. There  are  sixty  more  cells 
on  the  two  upper  tiers,  for  those 
convicted  of  various  degrees  of  fel- 
ony. These  are  on  the  male  side. 
On  the  female  side  are  twenty-two 
cells,  and  one-half  of  these  are  used 
as  temporary  receptacles  of  such 
cases  as  go  no  farther  than  the 
Police  Court  or  Special  Sessions. 
Each  prisoner  costs  the  county  an 
average  of  about  thirty  cents  a  day 
for  his  board.  The  inner  quadran- 
gle, formed  by  the  series  of  cellular 


Tenement-Houses. 


The  Tombs. 


structures,  is  where  the  last  penalty  of  the 
law  is  put  in  execution,  and  where  many  a 
wretch  has  gone  to  his  last  account  from 
the  gallows-drop.  One  experiences  a  relief 
as  he  hears  the  last  echo  of  his  footsteps 
reverberating  among  the  gloomy  passages, 
and  resumes  his  walk  in  the  sunshine. 

Before  leaving  this  portion  of  the  city, 
the  visitor  may  find  it  interesting  to  extend 
his  observations  to  Pearl  Street,  which,  in 
Revolutionary  times,  was  one  of  the  most 
aristocratic  thoroughfares  in  the  city.  There 
is  now  little  left  of  the  handsome  mansions 
wherein  resided,  at  one  period  and  another, 
some  of  the  most  famous  men  in  American 
history ;  but  of  these  the  "  Walton  House  " 
is,  perhaps,  the  most  prominent.  It  is  lo- 
cated at  No.  326,  and  was  owned  and  occu- 
pied by  Admiral  Walton,  whom  the  historians 
describe  as  "  a  dispenser  of  generous  hospi- 
tality." The  architecture  is  of  the  simple 
style  peculiar  to  the  early  days,  but  the 


40 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


sculptured  designs  that  yet  remain  give  token  of  its  aristocratic  origin,  and  are  not  without  that  interest  which 
ever  attaches  to  things  honorably  associated  with  the  past.  The  house  is  now  tenanted  by  a  number  of  poor 
families,  and,  if  it  possessed  a  voice,  would  doubtless  exclaim,  "  To  what  base  uses  haee  we  come  at  last ! " 


Walton  House,  Franklin  Square,  Pearl  Street 


TEE    WHARVES   AND  PIERS. 

A  tour  around  the  water-front  is  full  of  charms ;  the  scenes  and  incidents  have  no  common  fascination.  In 
its  course  we  can  muse  away  hours,  dream  ourselves  into  the  tropics  or  the  farthest  north,  and  awaken  to  a  re- 
membrance of  the  magnificent  extent  and  variety  of  our  seaboard  commerce.  A  myriad  of  small  craft,  propelled 
by  steam  and  sail,  flecks  the  stream.  A  fleet  of  grander  vessels  towers  almost  over  our  heads  on  the  rising  tide, 
in  their  berths.  The  wealth  they  contain,  and  the  adventures  they  suggest,  invest  them,  as  we  have  said,  with  no 
small  measure  of  poetic  interest.  They  are  like  a  glorious  army  of  pilgrims  gathered  in  a  central  port  from  the 
shrines  of  every  nation — gathered  with  peace-offerings  and  treasure  after  trials  and  victorious  conquest. 


4 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED.  41 


The  architecture  of  the  wharves,  and  the  buildings  on  them,  may  be  deemed  inadequate  commercially,  but  its 
irregularity,  perhaps  its  very  poverty,  gives  it  an  artistic  value  which  we  should  bo  sorry  to  miss.  The  ancient 
battalions  of  sail-lofts,  ship-chandleries  and  stores,  with  swinging  sign-boards,  have  more  or  less  a  nautical  aspect, 
and  will,  no  doubt,  recall  to  many  some  dear  old  port  of  their  youth.  There  may  be  some,  indeed,  who  will  regret 
the  time  when  these  weatherrbeaten  structures  are  swept  away,  and  supplanted  by  others  more  commodious,  but 
not  more  interesting. 

Until  1870  all  our  valuable  wharfage  was  controlled  by  the  Department  of  Public  Works,  but  the  new  munici- 
pal charter  of  that  year  established  a  Department  of  Docks,  with  four  commissioners.  The  wharf-line  under  their 
direction  was  twenty-eight  and  a  half  miles  long,  and  the  pier  area  2,322,668  square  feet.  The  Department  was 
once  more  reconstructed  by  the  charter  of  1873,  which  increased  the  number  of  commissioners  to  five,  with  an 
annual  salary  of  $3,000  each,  and  $6,500  to  the  president.  Into  the  hands  of  these  commissioners  fall  the  valu- 
able plans  for  the  improvement  of  the  water-front,  which,  aside  from  antiquarian  considerations,  is  of  very  little 
credit  to  New  York  and  of  poor  service  to  the  commerce  thrown  upon  it.  At  Pier  No.  1,  North  River,  can  be  seen 
an  example  of  the  kind  of  wharf  with  which  the  port  will  be  skirted.  When  the  work  is  done,  we  shall  be  no 
longer  behind  Liverpool  or  London,  but  perhaps  ahead.  A  river-wall  of  beton  and  masonry  will  be  built,  with  a 
river-street  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet  wide  along  the  North  River,  two  hundred  feet  wide  on  the  East  River,  from 
the  Battery  to  Thirty-first  Street,  and  seventy-five  feet  wide  north  of  that  point.  A  great  saving  will  be  effected 
over  the  cost  of  the  Liverpool  docks,  by  having  the  piers  arched,  and,  while  the  present  wharf-line  will  be  in- 
creased fifty  thousand  feet,  the  present  pier  area  will  be  more  than  doubled. 

Inadequate  and'  unsatisfactory  as  are  the  existing  docks,  the  trade  they  accommodate  will  astound  the  reader 
who  is  unversed  in  commercial  statistics.  The  number  of  sailing-ships  engaged  in  foreign  trade  alone  which  en- 
tered the  collection  district  of  the  port  of  New  York  during  the  year  1872  was  5,641,  with  a  total  tonnage  capacity 
of  3,969,339  tons.  These  vessels  were  manned  by  crews  numbering  121,624  men.  The  number  of  ocean  steam- 
vessels  was  825,  with  a  total  tonnage  capacity  of  2,101,262  tons,  and  manned  by  60,649  men.  But,  vast  as  these 
figures  are,  they  do  not  represent  all  the  vessels  that  find  harborage  around  the  water-front.  The  important  item 
of  the  coastwise  trade  of  New  York  has  yet  to  be  included.  In  this,  1,746  steamers,  with  a  capacity  of  1,509,023 
tons,  and  manned  by  6,581  men,  are  engaged.  .  Thus  we  find  that,  in  one  year,  9,456  vessels  entered  New  York 
harbor,  with  a  total  tonnage  capacity  of  7,824,411  tons,  and  with  crews  numbering  238,484  sailors,  or  nearly  one- 
fourth  of  the  population  of  the  entire  city.  When  the  reader  crosses  one  of  the  ferries,  and  views  the  fringe  of 
shipping,  he  will  have  occasion  for  reflection  and  wonder,  if  he  bears  these  figures  in  mind. 

We  may  choose  any  hour  for  a  ramble  along  the  docks,  but  the  best  is  in  the  morning,  for  then  we  can  see 
Commerce  arouse  from  its  heavy  slumbers,  and,  limb  by  limb,  unfold  and  apply  itself  to  the  great  crank  that 
grinds  out  the  nation's  destiny.  It  is,  indeed,  well  worth  while  to  watch  the  soft  shades  of  morning  breaking  over 
Corlear's  Hook,  and  bringing  into  clearer  relief  the  entangled  masts  and  rigging  that  are  woven  against  the  reced- 
ing night-clouds ;  well  worth  while  to  watch  the  gradual  change  from  night  to  morning,  from  a  desert-like  stillness 
to  a  fretful  roar ;  to  watch  the  moonbeams  driven  from  their  nooks  in  the  silent  warehouses,  as  shutters  are 
thrust  aside,  doors  opened,  and  living  streams  pour  through  every  adjacent  street  to  the  water-front.  The  river, 
smoothly  lapping  the  piers  in  darkness,  breaks  into  a  surfy  tumult,  as  it  is  beaten  and  crossed  by  paddle  and  oar. 
Each  stone  gives  forth  a  rattle,  and  the  inanimate  as  well  as  the  animate  unreins  a  restless  tongue.  Gangways 
are  opened  to  the  grand  old  clippers,  and  companies  of  broad-shouldered,  labor-marked  men  trot  from  deck  to 
wharf,  with  baskets  and  barrows.  The  night  watchmen  shuMe  homeward  to  breakfast,  with  a  few  others  who 
have  been  busy  during  the  night,  loading  and  unloading  ocean  steamships.  Again  appear  the  thick-wheeled  drays, 
drawn  by  powerful  horses,  and  laden  with  tons  of  valuable  merchandise.  From  the  masses  that  throng  the  river- 
street,  one  would  think  that  the  whole  population  of  the  city  had  business  to  do  by  the  water-front,  each  individual 
actuated  by  a  different  purpose  and  destiny.  The  elements  contend  and  bustle ;  yet  we  see  that  they  are  system- 
atic, and  that  each  man's  share  of  the  work  helps  to  give  the  big  wheel  a  turn. 

We  cannot  even  mention  all  the  interesting  sights  to  be  seen  along  the  line  of  docks.  Starting  from  Thirty- 
fourth  Street,  you  will  first  see  the  new  Manhattan  Market,  one  of  the  largest  structures  of  its  kind  in  the  world. 
It  faces  four  streets,  and  is  directly  on  the  water-front,  with  a  sufficient  depth  of  water  to  accommodate  the  largest 
steamers.  The  main  building,  which  is  built  of  red  pressed  brick,  iron,  and  glass,  in  the  Lombardian  style,  is 
eight  hundred  by  two  hundred  feet  in  size,  and  immediately  adjoining  it  is  a  magnificent  plaza  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  five  hundred  farm-wagons.  The  roof  is  arched,  and  surmounted  by  several  spires  and  towers.  All  things 
that  our  commerce  and  sanitary  welfare  could  require  are  found  in  it,  but,  for  some  reason,  it  has  not  been  a  suc- 
cess, and  the  lofty  interior  is  only  half  filled  with  tenants.  The  proprietors — a  joint-stock  company — are  deter- 
mined not  to  let  their  work  be  devoted  to  other  purposes  than  those  for  which  it  was  intended,  and  we  should 
certainly  advise  all  visitors  to  include  it  in  their  sight-seeing.  At  the  foot  of  Christopher  Street,  you  will  be 
attracted  by  a  row  of  very  curious-looking  oyster-barges.  It  is  here  that  the  trade  in  the  luscious  bivalves  chiefly 
G 


42 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Manhattan  Market. 


centres,  and  during  the  winter  months  there  is  not  a  more  lively  scene  along  the  water-front  of  the  metropolis  than 
that  which  is  presented  by  the  thousands  of  oystermen  passing  to  and  fro  in  the  delivery  of  this  sea-fruit  to  the 
restaurants  of  the  city  and  the  various  railroad  depots.  Oysters  are  brought  from  Virginia,  and  planted  for  growth 
in  great  beds  along  the  Sound,  in  Prince's  Bay,  Raritan  River,  Shrewsbury,  and  other  well-known  places,  which 
give  a  peculiar  flavor  to  the  food,  and  make  of  it,  in  the  eyes  of  the  customer,  a  specialty.  Oysters  of  a  native 
growth  also  abound,  and  are  favorites  with  the  public.    Many  colossal  fortunes  have  been  made  in  this  trade. 

Proceeding  farther  down,  with  teeming,  bustling  crowds  around  us,  on  the  quays  and  streets,  we  almost  pass 
under  the  bowsprits  of  the  immense  ocean  steamships  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Company,  the  Inman  line,  the  White 
Star  line,  and  the  State  line,  which  bring  us  thousands  of  tourists  and  immigrants,  and  the  most  valuable  freights. 
Thence  a  few  minutes'  walk  carries  us  fairly  into  the  heart  of  the  great  produce-trade,  which  monopolizes  West 
Street,  from  Canal  Street  to  the  Battery,  and  most  of  the  intersecting  streets  as  far  back  as  Greenwich  Street. 
Flour,  meal,  butter,  eggs,  cheese,  meats,  poultry,  fish,  cram  the  tall  warehouses  and  rude  sheds,  teeming  at  the 
water's  edge  to  their  fullest  capacity.  Fruit-famed  New  Jersey  pours  four-fifths  of  its  produce  into  this  lap  of  dis- 
tributive commerce ;  the  river-hugging  counties  above  contribute  their  share  ;  and  car-loads  come  trundling  in  from 
the  West  to  feed  the  perpetually  hungry  maw  of  the  Empire  City. 

The  concentration  of  this  great  and  stirring  trade  is  to  be  met  with  at  Washington  Market.  This  vast  wooden 
structure,  with  its  numerous  out-buildings  and  sheds,  is  an  irregular  and  unsightly  one,  but  presents  a  most  novel 
and  interesting  scene  within  and  without.  The  sheds  are  mainly  devoted  to  smaller  stands  and  smaller  sales. 
Women  with  baskets  of  fish  and  tubs  of  tripe  on  their  heads,  lusty  butcher-boys  lugging  halves  and  quarters  of 
beef  or  mutton  into  their  carts,  peddlers  of  every  description,  etc.,  tend  to  amuse  and  bewilder  at  the  same  time. 
Some  of  the  produce  dealers  and  brokers,  who  occupy  the  little  box-like  shanties  facing  the  market  from  the  river, 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


43 


Oyster-Boats. 


do  a  business  almost  as  large  as  any  of  the  neighboring  merchants  boasting  their  five-story  warehouses.  The 
interior  of  the  market  is  well  worth  a  visit,  but  it  needs  no  description  at  our  hands.  Passing  on,  we  soon  reach 
the  Battery,  and  at  the  foot  of  Broadway  we  see  the  lower  terminus  of  the  Elevated  Railroad,  which  represents 
the  nearest  solution  that  has  been  found  for  the  much-bruited,  all-engrossing,  rapid-transit  problem.    The  road, 


Washington  Market — Outside  Street-Scene. 


44 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


which  has  been  in  operation  sev- 
eral years,  extends  to  Sixteiih 
Street,  and  is  erected  on  iron 
columns  about  twenty  feet  high. 
The  cars  are  much  the  same  in 
appearance  as  those  of  an  ordi- 
nary railroad,  except  that  they 
are  lower  in  the  centre  than  at 
the  ends,  as  will  be  seen  in  our 
engraving.  Whether  the  claim 
that  they  cannot  fall  off  the  track 
be  true  or  not,  no  serious  acci- 
dent has  yet  occurred  to  them.  Our  illustration  is  of  a  later- constructed  portion,  at  Thirty-fifth  Street,  where 
there  is  a  turnout. 


Washington  Market — Interior. 


New  York  Elevated  Railway. 


The  first  docks  that  we  see  on  the  East  River,  which  we  reach  by  passing  under  the  shade-trees  of  the  Battery, 
are  filled  with  canal-boats.  They  are  comparatively  quiet,  but  the  locality  is  by  no  means  stagnant.  It  is  the 
depot  of  the  largest  proportion  of  the  immense  commerce  that  comes  from  the  Great  West,  the  terminus  of  the 
most  important  of  the  three  national  lines  of  transportation  to  the  Atlantic  seaboard.  In  busy  seasons,  nearly  one 
hundred  and  fifty  canal-boats  arrive  here  daily,  each  containing  more  cargo,  according  to  an  eminent  engineer, 
than  the  average  railway  train,  or  more,  in  the  aggregate,  than  twenty  miles  of  railway  trains  could  carry. 

Wall-Street  Ferry  passed,  with  its  crowds  of  passengers  and  vehicles,  we  glance  at  a  dock  full  of  the  fruit- 
schooners  that  bring  the  city  oranges,  bananas,  lemons,  and  grapes,  from  the  tropics.  At  the  handsome  ferry- 
house  of  the  Fulton  Ferry,  there  is  a  still  greater  crowd;  and  immediately  adjoining  we  find  another  handsome 
wooden  building,  which  covers  what  formerly  was  one  of  the  most  dilapidated  sites  on  the  water-front.  It  is  the 
wholesale  fish-market,  and  was  built  in  1869,  by  an  association  of  fishmongers,  at  a  cost  of  one  hundred  and 
twentv-six  thousand  dollars.  Nearly  three  million  dollars'  worth  of  business  is  done  here  annually.  The  vessels 
back  right  up  to  the  rear-doors  of  the  market,  and  discharge  their  glittering  cargoes  on  the  spot. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


-:.-> 


After  passing  Roosevelt,  Hunter's  Point,  and  Catharine  Street  Ferries,  we  are  next  lost  in  wonder  while  con- 
templating the  system  of  Dry  Docks.     Marvelously  crazy,  rotten,  twisted,  unsightly  objects  these  dry  docks  are. 


(Ireat  ships  are  lifted  up  in  them  naked  and  unseemly,  while  scores  of  busy  workmen,  with  oakum,  and  tar,  and 
i-opper,  hang  about  their  green,  slimy,  water-eaten  bottoms.    This  whipping  up  a  tall  ship  into  these  great  altitudes 


Wharf-Scene. 


46 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


is  startling ;  the  dock  that  supports  it  looks  so  frail  and  rickety,  while  the  ship  towers  so  ominously  above  you. 
These  docks  extend  many  squares,  and  then  we  approach  the  ship-yards.  Alas !  they  are  empty.  No  more  the 
"  clamors  of  clattering  hammers  "  salute  the  ear.  A  few  "  gnarled  and  crooked  cedar-knees  "  lie  piled  about,  a 
few  timbers  with  idle  urchins  playing  about  them,  and  this  is  all  we  see  of  the  great  industry  that  once  reared  so 
many  goodly  vessels  "  that  should  laugh  at  all  disaster." 

Hurrying  on,  we  draw  near  the  iron-founderies  and  gas-works,  and  the  shipping  begins  to  be  less  thick  and  the 
traffic  less  noisy.  A  common  sight  in  this  neighborhood  is  a  battered  old  turret-ship,  or  an  old  frigate  lying  "  in 
ordinary  "  at  moorings.  Not  only  have  there  been  built  here  the  huge  boilers  and  ponderous  engines  of  many  an 
ocean-steamer,  but  the  iron  sides  of  the  steamers  themselves  have  been  fused,  and  cast,  and  shaped,  and  bolted, 
and  built,  on  this  spot.  You  note  your  approach  to  the  works  by  the  overflow  of  superfluous  iron-ware.  Vast, 
rusty,  propped-up  caverns  of  iron  confront  you ;  abandoned  boilers,  big  enough  for  church-steeples,  incumber  all 
the  highways ;  smaller  fragments  of  iron,  of  manifold  mysterious  shapes,  lie  piled  up  on  every  curb-stone.  Then 
appear  the  tall  walls,  the  great  chimneys,  and  all  the  horrible  confusion  of  vast  work-yards  and  work-shops.  All 
about  is  grimy  and  repulsive.  The  mud  is  black  with  coal-dust ;  the  pools  of  water  dark  and  dismal ;  the  low, 
rotten,  wretched  houses  clustering  about,  damp  and  sooty ;  all  the  faces,  and  all  the  walls,  and  all  the  posts,  and 
every  object,  grimy  and  soiled;  while  the  distracting  din  of  innumerable  hammers,  "closing  rivets  up,"  unites  in 
rendering  the  whole  scene  purgatorial.  A  great  industry,  a  great  power,  a  great  source  of  wealth,  is  the  iron 
interest,  but  the  manipulation  of  that  indispensable  metal  has  abundant  harsh  and  discordant  features.  Beyond 


Ferry-Boat  at  Night. 


the  iron-works  are  more  ship-yards,  more  ferries,  more  vessels,  with  wharf-building,  lot-filling,  dirt-dumping,  and 
what-not — but  the  darkness  deepens,  and  our  journey  must  end.  In  the  morning  the  roar  of  the  traffic  develops 
slowly  from  an  echo.  In  the  evening,  when  at  its  extreme  pitch,  it  subsides  suddenly.  The  scenes  of  strife  and 
tumult  dissolve,  and  the  throngs  disappear,  as  though  an  invisible  cloak  had  fallen  on  each  member.  The  sunset 
glow  touches  the  water  that  is  at  rest.  Human  energy  has  burnt  itself  out  for  a  while,  and  the  calm  and  cool 
come  as  an  ever-grateful  change.  The  ships  stand  out  in  the  blue  night.  Dimly  we  see  the  lively  watchmen 
pacing  the  decks,  and  hear  their  sturdy  tramp  from  stem  to  stern  in  the  darkness  and  solitude.  Marvelous  is  the 
quiet  of  the  water-front  at  night,  almost  undisturbed  by  voice  or  motion,  save  the  plash  of  the  dock-rat's  oar,  or 
the  thud  of  an  occasional  ferry-boat. 

CENTRAL  PARK. 

If  there  be  any  point  in  New  York  to  which  more  than  another  there  can  be  attached  an  enduring  memory,  it 
is  the  attractive  and  picturesque  locality  known  as  Central  Park.  Less  than  twenty  years  ago  it  was  a  wild,  un- 
couth domain,  the  salient  objects  of  which  were  swamps,  bowlders,  and  huge,  knotty  projections  of  rocks,  forbid- 
ding in  their  aspect,  and  promising  any  thing  but  that  wonderful  development  of  beauty  which  has  since  become 
manifest  under  the  skill  of  the  engineer,  architect,  landscape-gardener,  and  sculptor.  Travelers,  who  have  visited 
probably  every  famous  park  in  the  world,  pronounce  eulogiums  upon  this  pride  of  the  American  metropolis,  which 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


47 


leave  no  room  to  doubt  that,  if  it  is  not  already,  it  will  eventually  become  the  most  beautiful  park  on  earth.  Its 
trees  do  not  possess  the  grandeur  of  age,  but  its  shrubbery  has  attained  a  luxuriant  beauty  not  often  excelled. 
Central  Park,  in  its  large  proportions — embracing  as  it  does  some  eight  hundred  and  forty-three  acres,  an 
area  which  extends  from  Fifty-ninth  Street  to  One-hundred-and-tenth— in  its  exquisite  lakes,  where  in  summer  one 
may  sail  in  gondolas,  and  almost  be  lost  among  the  shady  nooks  and  dells  where  the  swans  glide  peacefully ;  in 
its  cozy  recesses  found  by  devious  paths,  its  artificial  caves,  its  springs  of  water  flowing  from  rocks  that  have  been 
tapped  by  the  rods  of  modern  prophets,  its  suburban  views  and  villas,  its  luxurious  resting-places  for  the  weary, 
its  rural  decorations,  its  grand  lawns  and  extensive  drives  on  roads  that  are  the  perfection  of  art,  its  various 


5  *"*J «g?jet*^«/>  *v.V* 


Central  Park. 


w 


amusements  offered  to  the  public  for  a  mere  trifle  of  ex- 
penditure,  its  bridges,   restaurants,  towers,  tunnels,  and 
sculptured  works,  surely  there  can  be  no  place  in  Christen- 
dom more  calculated  to  appeal  to  that  taste  for  and  sympathy  with  Nature 
which  exists  in  the  hearts  of  us  all. 

Visit  it  at  any  hour  of  a  pleasant  day,  and  you  will  find  thousands 
gathered  to  enjoy  their  walks  or  drives.  Music  lends  its  enchantment  to 
the  spot  in  the  summer,  and  in  the  winter  the  several  lakes  are  given  up  to 
the  sports  of  the  skaters  and  curlers.    There  is,  indeed,  no  nook  or  corner 

in  the  vast  reservation  that  has  not  been  beautified.  And  every  year  witnesses  some  change,  some  additional 
improvement.  Hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  are  annually  expended  in  this  work ;  and  when  at  last  it  shall 
be  completed,  and  it  has  become  a  complete  treasury  of  art,  science,  and  natural  history,  as  it  now  is  in  part, 
when  the  avenues  by  which  it  is  bounded  have  been  lined  with  palatial  mansions,  and  grown  shadowy  with  trees, 
the  famed  parks  of  ancient  Europe  will  pale  before  the  beauty  and  magnificence  of  that  which  is  even  now  the 
wonder  and  admiration  of  the  civilized  world. 

Central  Park  is  essentially  a  democratic  place.  It  was  created  for  the  enjoyment  of  the  people,  and,  when  you 
drive  there  on  a  Saturday  or  Sunday  afternoon,  you  will  see  a  brilliant  and  ever-changing  pageant,  such  as  you 
will  not  find  elsewhere.  The  most  expensive  vehicles  of  the  wealthy  classes  will  be  mingled  with  the  humbler 
barouche  that  has  been  hired  for  the  occasion  by  a  family  pleasure-party,  or  perhaps  you  may  find  yourself  side 
by  side  with  the  grocery-wagon  of  some  sturdy  German  who  has  brought  his  frau  and  little  ones  to  enjoy  the 


48 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


> 

Q 


CL 


<D 

o 


stirring  scene,  and  is  en  route 
to  the  lager-bier  saloons  of 
the  upper  portions  of  the 
island.  Every  thing,  in  fact, 
belongs  to  the  living  pano- 
rama, from  the  nurse  and 
baby-wagon  to  the  old-fash- 
ioned rockaway  of  the  West- 
chester farmer,  and  the  lan- 
dau of  the  demi-monde.  Fast 
horses  and  many  of  the 
celebrities  of  the  city  are 
frequent  visitors  to  the  Park, 
and  perhaps  it  is  the  best  of 
all  localities  in  New  York 
wherein  to  observe  the  char- 
acteristic phases  of  out-of- 
door  metropolitan  life. 

Yet  one  cannot  see  the 
Park  to  advantage  from  a 
carriage-window.  You  must 
go  on  foot.  Then  you  may 
inspect  to  advantage  the  Ter- 
race that  leads  down  to  the 
Lake — its  exquisite  architect- 
ural embroidery  and  fagade. 
And  you  will  enjoy  the  leafy 
shades  of  the  Ramble,  and 
the  Cave — the  most  pictur- 
esque bit  in  the  Park — and 
the  Belvedere,  whence  may 
be  obtained  a  wide  view 
of  this  splendid  pleasure- 
ground. 

You  will  also  see,  in  that 
handsome  building  near  the 
Fifth  Avenue,  the  Menage- 
rie, with  its  in-door  and  out- 
door collection  of  wild  ani- 
mals —  lions,  tigers,  pan- 
thers, wolves,bears,  monkeys, 
squirrels,  opossums,  kanga- 
roos, sea  -  lions,  ostriches, 
camels,  and  a  hundred  other 
curiosities. 

The  aviary  contains  a 
very  fair  collection  of  birds, 
more  particularly  some  fine 
specimens  of  the  American 
eagle. 

You  will  also  find  a  mu- 
seum of  natural  history,  in 
which  there  are  some  of  the 
finest  collections  of  rare 
birds,  animals,  and  insects, 
that  are  embraced  under  any 
roof  in  America.     This  de- 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


49 


Menagerie,  Central  Park 


partment  is  always  a  source  of  interest,  and  the  collection,  although  only  recently  commenced,  is  already  one  of 
the  largest  and  finest  in  this  country.  It  is  yet  in  its  germ,  however,  but  increasing  so  rapidly  that  the  Park 
Commissioners  have  commenced  the  erection  of  a  larger  and  more  suitable  building  for  the  purpose.  This 
building,  the  foundation-stone  of  which  was  laid  by  President  Grant  in  June,  1874,  will  be  known  as  the  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History.    It  will  occupy  nineteen  acres  of  ground,  between  Seventy-seventh  and  Eighty-first 


Museum  of  Natural  History,  Central  Park. 

7 


60 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Aviary,  Central  Park. 


Streets,  and  Eighth  and  Ninth  Avenues,  and  will  include  a  meteorological  and  astronomical  observatory,  a 
museum  of  natural  history,  and  a  gallery  of  art.  The  total  cost  will  be  about  six  million  dollars,  and  the 
collection,  when  complete,  will  be  second  to  none  in  the  world. 

BROOKLYN. 

A  day  may  be  well  spent  in  visiting  this  sister  city,  for  it  contains  many  objects  of  local  and  historical  signifi- 
cance, to  say  nothing  of  the  pleasant  drives  that  abound  in  its  suburbs.  It  is  connected  with  New  York  by 
numerous  ferries,  but  that  which  is  most  largely  thronged  is  the  Fulton  Ferry,  because  the  various  street-car  lines 
converge  at  the  landing  on  the  Brooklyn  side,  and  thence  distribute  their  passengers  to  every  portion  of  the  city. 

In  a  few  years  the  great  bridge,  now  in  course  of  construction  across  the  East  River,  will  be  completed,  and 
then  good-by  to  the  present  mode  of  navigation.  The  monster  piers,  on  either  side,  are  going  up,  and  the  floor 
of  the  bridge,  when  laid,  will  be  above  the  tops  of  the  tallest  masts. 

Leaving  the  ferry-house,  which  is  an  ornate  and  representative  institution  of  the  kind,  as  will  be  indicated  by 
the  illustration,  the  visitor  will  be  tempted  to  proceed  directly  to  Greenwood  Cemetery,  the  most  beautiful  "  city 
of  the  dead  "  in  the  world.  It  is  reached  by  numerous  lines  of  cars,  and  at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  but  particularly 
during  the  summer,  when  its  undulating  surface  is  covered  with  verdure,  it  will  be  found  picturesque  and  lovely. 
Many  of  the  monuments  are  not  only  expensive,  but  exquisite  in  design  and  execution.  The  hills  of  Greenwood 
were  one  of  the  battle-grounds  of  the  Revolution. 

An  afternoon  may  also  be  delightfully  spent  in  driving  through  Prospect  Park.  With  just  pride  the  Brook- 
lynites  claim  that  this  great  breathing-spot  surpasses  in  natural  advantages  its  older  rival  across  the  river,  and 
there  are  certainly  features  of  forest  and  plain,  of  hill  and  dale,  of  rolling  ground,  and  extent  of  scenery,  which, 
with  the  unbiassed  visitor,  will  entitle  it  to  the  palm.  The  work  of  laying  out  the  Park  was  not  commenced  until 
th^  month  of  June,  1866,  and  the  progress  made  is  surprising.  The  ground  was  purchased  at  an  outlay  of  about 
four  million  dollars,  and  the  total  cost  of  the  ground  and  construction  will  probably  amount  to  over  nine  million 
dollars. 


51 


52  NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Fulton  Ferry-House,  Brooklyn. 


The  area  of  ground  embraced  within  its  limits  covers  five  hundred  and  ten  acres.  The  principal  entrance, 
on  Flatbush  Avenue,  known  as  the  Plaza,  is  paved  with  Belgian  pavement,  and  ornamented  in  the  centre  with  a 
fine  fountain,  a  statue  of  the  late  President  Lincoln,  and  bordered  by  grassy  mounds  decorated  with  shrubbery. 
The  "  drives  "  extend  over  a  distance  of  eight  miles,  besides  which  there  are  three  and  a  half  miles  of  bridle-roads. 
The  pathways  and  rambles  for  pedestrians  are  lined  with  trees,  and  amply  supplied  with  drinking-fountains,  arbors, 
and  rustic  shelters.    The  lake  covers  an  area  of  sixty-one  acres,  all  of  which  are  in  winter  allotted  for  skating. 

The  highest  point — Lookout  Carriage  Concourse,  seven-eighths  of  an  acre  in  area — is  a  hundred  and  eighty-six 
feet  above  the  ocean-level,  and  the  view  from  its  summit,  on  a  clear  day,  is  unsurpassed.  Thence  can  be  seen  the 
Highlands  of  Neversink,  Staten  Island,  the  Kill  von  Kull,  Hills  of  Orange,  the  Palisades,  etc.  An  observatory  is 
erected  on  this  elevation,  one  hundred  feet  high. 

Elegant  resorts  are  provided  for  ladies,  children,  and  invalids,  where  wholesome  milk,  tea,  and  other  simple 
refreshments,  may  be  obtained. 

A  grand  boulevard  is  now  in  course  of  construction,  from  the  park  to  the  ocean,  two  hundred  and  ten  feet 
wide,  and  six  miles  long. 

Within  the  city  proper,  a  drive  through  Clinton  Avenue  will  be  found  charming.  It  is  lined  with  embowered 
villas,  handsome  gardens,  and  shade-trees. 

Washington  Park,  in  this  vicinity,  formerly  known  as  Fort  Greene,  is  another  object  of  attraction,  and  the 
view  from  its  heights  is  both  commanding  and  beautiful.    It  is  the  site  of  one  of  the  Revolutionary  fortifications. 

The  Navy-Yard,  with  its  great  ships  and  machinery,  will  naturally  induce  a  visit  from  those  who  are  not 
familiar  with  this  department  of  the  public  service. 

The  City  Hall,  at  the  junction  of  Fulton,  Court,  and  Joralemon  Streets,  is  a  fine  structure,  built  of  white 
marble,  in  the  Ionic  style,  with  six  columns  supporting  the  roof  of  the  portico.  It  is  surmounted  by  a  dome,  the 
top  of  which  is  one  hundred  and  fifty-three  feet  from  the  ground.  It  stands  in  a  busy  centre,  about  a  mile  from 
Fulton  Ferry,  with  the  Academy  of  Music,  and  other  public  buildings,  near  it. 

In  the  same  vicinity  is  a  vault,  which  contains  thirteen  coffins,  holding  the  remains  of  the  ill-fated  prisoners 
of  war  who  died  on  the  terrible  prison-ships,  and  were  interred  on  the  adjacent  shores  of  the  Wallabout.  The 
vault  was  completed  in  1808,  when  a  grand  funeral  procession,  composed  of  the  societies  and  citizens  of  New  York 
and  Brooklyn,  celebrated  the  event.  It  was  intended  to  erect  a  handsome  testimonial  over  the  vault,  but  sixty-six 
years  have  elapsed,  and  yet  no  enduring  monument  has  Ueen  raised  to  the  memory  of  those  martyrs  for  freedom. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


53 


Suburban  Garden  Scene. 


THE  SUBURBS  AND  VICINITY. 

In  respect  to  number,  variety,  ease,  and  cheapness  of  access,  the  inducements  offered  to  the  pleasure  or 
fresh-air  seeker  of  the  metropolis  are  almost  unequalled. 

Mountain  and  valley,  stream  and  sea,  can  be  reached  in  an  hour  by  a  pleasant  ride  or  a  delightful  sail.  Game 
for  the  huntsman,  fish  for  the  angler,  gardens  for  the  convivial,  splendid  watering-places  for  the  rich  and  fashion- 
able, leafy  quiet  and  green  seclusion  for  the  temporary  hermit  from  the  world  of  noisy  action — all  can  be  secured 
with  little  expenditure  and  loss  of  time.  And  all  are  eagerly  sought,  in  the  proper  season,  by  our  own  citizens 
and  the  thousands  of  strangers  who  throng  our  mammoth  hotels,  according  to  the  means  or  inclinations  of  the 
votary  of  pleasure. 

The  northern  part  of  New  York,  or  Manhattan  Island,  although  many  of  its  picturesque  features  have  been 
destroyed  by  the  rapid  advance  of  population,  yet  possesses  many  points  of  interest  for  those  in  quest  of  pleasure. 
That  romantic  section  of  woodland  known  to  the  present  generation  as  Jones's  Wood  has  of  late  years  been 
greatly  curtailed  of  its  fair  proportions  by  the  opening  of  streets  and  other  public  improvements. 

The  history  of  this  property  is  very  interesting.  It  originally  belonged  to  David  Provost,  who  was  known  to 
the  inhabitants  of  New  York  as  "  Ready-Money  Provost,"  a  title  he  acquired  from  his  neighbors  because  of  the  sud- 
den increase  of  his  wealth  by  the  illict  trade  which  he,  together  with  other  colonists  pursued,  in  spite  of  the  vigi- 
lance of  the  mother-country.  The  property  was  then  known  as  the  "  Louvre  Farm,"  and,  after  the  death  of  the 
original  owner,  it  remained  in  charge  of  the  trustees  of  his  estate  until  1803,  when  it  was  purchased  by  John 
Jones.  The  first  John  Jones  lived  here  in  elegant  retirement,  and  was  succeeded  by  John  Jones  No.  2,  an  elder 
son,  who  is  yet  remembered  by  many  old  New-Yorkers.  During  the  life  of  the  latter  the  forest  yet  existed  in  its 
primeval  state,  and  formed  the  noblest  growth  of  trees  on  the  island.  It  was  a  favorite  nutting-ground,  and  the 
shore-line  a  coveted  resort  for  young  fishermen.  The  original  estate  consisted  of  ninety  acres,  but  now  only  two 
or  three  city  blocks,  lying  north  and  east  of  Sixty-eighth  Street  and  Avenue  A,  remain. 

In  1858  the  wood  was  first  opened  as  a  pleasure-ground,  and  at  once  became  a  favorite  resort  for  the  Ger- 
mans, and  during  the  summer  season  scarcely  a  day  passes  that  there  is  not  some  merrymaking.  The  original 
mansion-house  of  the  Jones  family  was  destroyed  by  a  street-opening  a  few  years  ago,  but  in  place  of  it  a  great 
pavilion  has  been  erected  on  the  rocky  bank  of  the  East  River,  where  the  visitors  enjoy  their  beer  or  the  dance, 
as  it  may  suit  their  fancy.  On  the  ground,  occupying  shady  nooks,  are  hobby-horse  platforms,  swings,  pistol  and 
bowling  galleries,  and  many  other  games,  adapted  to  all  tastes  and  fancies. 

Every  day  and  evening  of  summer  and  early  autumn  its  pavilion  and  open  courts  are  thronged  with  pleasure- 
seekers.  For  those  who  do  not  care  to  witness  or  enter  into  the  robust  sports  of  the  regular  visitors,  seats  are 
provided  on  the  pavilion,  looking  out  upon  the  river,  with  its  moving  panorama  of  steam  and  sailing  vessels,  and 
the  city's  reformatory  and  charitable  institutions  on  Blackwell's  and  Ward's  Islands.  Blondin  and  many  of  his 
imitators  have  walked  their  tight-ropes  slung  from  the  lofty  tree-tops  which  once  occupied  the  site  of  the  great 
pavilion,  and  balloon-ascensions  are  of  daily  occurrence. 

A  ride  of  forty  minutes  will  take  the  visitor  to  Sixty-eighth  Street  either  by  the  Second  or  Third  Avenue  cars, 
and  thence  to  the  gate  is  about  three  minutes'  walk. 


54 


NEW  YORK  ILL  USTRA  TED. 


We  can  proceed  Harlemward  by  either  the  Second  or  Third  Avenue  Railroad  line ;  and,  choosing  the  latter, 
because  it  also  takes  us  through  Yorkville — no  longer  distinct  from  either  the  main  city  or  Harlem — we  have,  on 
our  right,  a  view  of  the  river  and  its  island-chain,  with  the  intervening  flats  of  green  and  ooze,  which  must  ere 
long  be  entirely  filled  in  and  built  over ;  and,  on  our  left,  the  cozy,  old-fashioned,  garden  girt  houses,  which,  years 
ago,  were  the  summer  homes  of  metropolitan  fashion  and  wealth.  The  broad  streets  of  Harlem  are  laid  out  at 
right  angles,  most  of  the  buildings  are  of  frame,  and  they  are  generally  indicative  of  neatness  and  unobtrusive 
thrift,  rather  than  of  pretension. 

The  new  Harlem  Bridge,  which  is  built  of  iron,  is  a  rather  clumsy-looking  structure,  and  has  cost  the  counties 
of  New  York  and  W estchester  about  double  what  it  should  have  done  ;  but  it  is  certainly  an  immense  improve- 
ment over  the  rickety  old  wooden  affair  which  it  superseded.  Just  above  it  is  the  railroad  bridge,  over  which 
almost  constantly  trundle  the  trains  of  the  Harlem,  Central,  and  New  Haven  Railroads. 

At  this  point  and  vicinity,  both  above  and  below  the  bridges,  a  large  number  of  boats  and  little  smacks  are 
constantly  moored  in  the  fishing-season,  and  a  pleasant  row  on  the  smooth  bosom  of  the  delightful  little  river 
may  be  enjoyed  at  a  small  expense.  These,  with  the  expansive  water-view  looking  toward  the  mouth  of  the 
stream,  with  the  salt,  seaweedy  smell  of  the  tides  as  they  wash  through  the  long  grasses  of  the  flats,  serve  to  ren- 
der the  place  picturesque  and  agreeable,  and  thousands  seek  the  vicinity,  by  boat  and  rail,  on  holidays  and  sum- 
mer Sundays. 

But  the  famous  High  Bridge  is  the  chief  object  of  our  quest  in  this  locality.  It  can  be  reached  in  several 
ways — by  the  Harlem  River  excursion-steamers,  which  touch  at  several  East  River  slips  and  piers  on  the  way 
up  and  down  ;  by  a  small-boat,  if  you  care  for  a  two-mile  tug  at  the  oars ;  by  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  from 
the  Grand  Central  Depot  on  the  corner  of  Forty-second  Street  and  Fourth  Avenue  ;  or  by  a  five  or  six  dollar  hack- 
drive,  through  Central  Park  and  the  roads  beyond. 

If  we  go  by  water,  we  shall  pass  the  old-fashioned  tavern  and  grounds  of  McComb's  Dam — once  a  favorite 
halting-place  with  the  owners  of  fast  teams,  but  of  late  given  up  to  the  training  of  prize-fighters,  et  ah,  and  long- 
since  cast  in  the  shade  by  the  more  opulent  and  fashionable  houses  on  the  other  side  of  the  stream.  As  Ave  pro- 
ceed up  the  river,  the  banks  on  either  side  grow  more  bold  and  precipitous,  and  a  single  turn  in  our  course  gives 
us  a  full  view  of  High  Bridge  itself. 

The  material  employed  in  erecting  this  magnificent  structure — the  most  important  connected  Avith  the  Croton 
Aqueduct — is  granite  throughout.  It  spans  the  Avhole  Avidth  of  the  valley  and  river,  from  cliff  to  cliff,  at  a  point 
Avhere  the  latter  is  six  hundred  and  twenty  feet  Avide,  and  the  former  a  quarter  of  a  mile.  It  is  composed  of 
eight  arches,  each  with  a  span  of  eighty  feet,  and  the  elevation  of  the  arches  gives  one  hundred  feet  clear  of  the 


/ 


High  Bnoge. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


55 


ri»  er  from  their  lower  side.  There  are,  besides  these,  a  number  of  arehes  rising  from  the  ground,  with  an  average 
span  of  forty-five  feet  each.  The  water  is  led  over  the  bridge,  a  distance  of  fourteen  hundred  and  fifty  feet, 
in  immense  iron  pipes,  as  great  in  diameter  as  the  stature  of  a  tall  man,  and  over  all  is  a  pathway  for  pedes- 
trians. On  the  lofty  bank  at  the  lower  extremity  of  the  bridge  is  situated  a  tine  hotel,  whose  airy  saloons  and 
broad  porticoes  are,  in  pleasant  weather,  thronged  with  people,  refreshing  themselves  after  their  drives. 

On  the  high  bank  of  the  Harlem  River,  at  One-hundred-and-sixty-ninth  Street,  a  little  below  the  High  Bridge,  is  the 
site  of  the  elegant  mansion  of  Colonel  Roger  Morris,  and  the  headquarters  of  General  Washington  during  active 
operations  in  this  portion  of  the  island.  The  situation  is  one  of  the  most  picturesque  around  New  York,  and  com- 
mands a  fine  view  of  Harlem  and  Harlem  River,  Long  Island  Sound,  Flushing,  and  Astoria,  with  the  green  fields 
of  Long  Island  beyond.  The  mansion  subsequently  became  the  property  of  the  widow  of  the  celebrated  Colonel 
Aaron  Burr,  better  known  as  Madame  Jumel,  the  name  of  her  first  husband. 

Beyond  Harlem  are  a  number  of  towns  of  interest — Mott  Haven,  Melrose,  Morrisania,  Tremont,  and  Fordham, 
all  belonging  to  New  York  City.  Woodlawn  Cemetery,  on  the  line  of  the  railroad,  six  miles  above  Harlem,  con- 
tains three  hundred  acres  of  undulating  and  beautiful  grounds,  under  rapid  improvement.  It  can  be  reached  by 
rail  or  by  Central  Avenue,  direct  from  Macomb's  Dam — an  avenue  soon  to  be  macadamized,  set  out  with  trees, 
etc.,  and  made  one  of  the  finest  drives  in  the  country. 

An  excursion  up  East  River,  as  far  as  Throgg's  Point,  sixteen  miles  from  the  city,  will  afford  a  pleasing  and 
interesting  panorama  of  both  wave  and  shore. 

Passing  the  ship-thronged  wharves  and  docks  of  the  metropolis  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  Brooklyn  Navy- 
Yard  on  the  other,  we  soon  have  a  capital  view  of  BlackwelFs,  Ward's,  and  Randall's  Islands,  with  their  imposing 
institutions  for  the  correction  or  alleviation  of  some  of  our  social  evils — one  or  two  of  them  the  most  complete 
edifices  of  their  kind  in  the  country,  and,  rushing  through  the  swirling  waters  of  the  Gate,  the  pleasant  and  pict- 
uresque villages  of  Astoria  and  Flushing  are  soon  in  sight  upon  the  Long  Island  shore.  The  academy  and  botanic 
gardens  of  the  former  are  worthy  a  visit,  and  an  interesting  feature  of  its  location  is  the  singular  whirlpool  of  Hell 
Gate,  which  is  strongest  and  most  turbulent  at  this  point.  For  several  years  the  engineer  officers  of  the  United 
States  have  been  engaged  in  subaqueous  operations  here,  with  the  view  of  removing  the  dangerous  rocks  that  lie 
in  the  pathway  of  vessels,  and  one  of  the  most  interesting  points  that  the  stranger  can  visit  is  the  great  cave 
under  the  water  at  Hell  Gate^that  is  being  blasted  out  preparatory  to  the  final  explosion  that  is  intended  to  clear 
away  the  obstructions. 

Flushing,  at  the  entrance  of  Long  Island  Sound,  also  contains  extensive  gardens,  nurseries,  and  numerous 
handsome  residences  and  may  be  reached  by  rail  from  Hunter's  Point. 


Blackwell's  Island,  East  River. 


r>6 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED 


Insane  Asylum,  Residence  of  the  Warden,  Blackwe>l's  Island. 

Continuing  our  sail  in  this  direction,  we  are  soon  off  Throgg's  Point.  This  is  the  termination,  at  Long  Island 
Sound,  of  Throgg's  (or  Throgmorton's)  Neck,  and,  from  the  summit  of  the  bold  headland  which  divides  East  River 
from  the  Sound,  a  noble  prospect  is  obtained.  The  little  archipelagoes  of  green  and  rocky  islets  gleam  brightly 
in  the  sunshine  or  appear  and  disappear  strangely  in  the  foggy  morning,  and,  with  the  broken  and  wooded  West- 
chester shore,  eight  or  ten  miles  away,  form  a  sunrise  or  a  sunset  scene  in  the  spring  or  fall  of  the  year  which 
has  often  attracted  the  pencils  of  our  most  prominent  sketchers.  The  fishing  among  these  islands  is  also  most 
excellent,  especially  for  sea-bass  and  blackfish. 

Fort  Schuyler,  on  the  Point,  and  Pelham  Bridge — both  interesting  and  romantic  localities — may  likewise  be 
embraced  in  this  excursion. 

Let  us  now,  in  as  regular  order  as  we  can  arrange  our  pleasure-search,  take  an  excursion-boat  (there  are  any 
number  of  them  in  fine  weather)  at  one  of  the  lower  North  River  piers,  and  breast  the  bosom  of  the  glorious 
Hudson,  world-famed  for  its  matchless  scenery,  and  appropriately  styled  the  Rhine  of  America.  The  reminiscences 
of  our  Revolutionary  struggle  hallow  its  dark  waters,  and,  all  along  its  craggy  shores,  quaint  legendary  lore  is 
mingled  with  memories  of  the  heroic  deeds  of  our  forefathers. 

Its  elegant  aquatic  palaces — the  steamers  plying  between  the  metropolis  and  the  towns  and  cities  along  its 
wild  and  lovely  shores — are  unequalled  for  magnificence  and  completeness.  As  our  vessel  quits  the  dock,  we 
first  pass  the  Elysian  Fields  of  Hoboken,  Weehawken  Bluff,  and  Bergen  Heights,  on  the  west,  and  the  long  line  of 
city  wharves  and  factories  on  the  east. 

A  little  farther  up  rises  Fort  Lee,  a  rocky  bluff  which  commences  the  Palisades,  extending  some  twenty-five 
or  thirty  miles  up  the  river,  and  then  striking  inland.  Fort  Lee  has  of  late  become  a  favorite  resort  of  excur- 
sionists and  picnic-parties.  It  has  a  fine  hotel,  and  the  surrounding  scenery  contains  all  the  enchantment  of 
combined  ruggedness  and  beauty.  On  the  opposite  shore  is  still  to  be  seen  the  island  of  Manhattan,  which  on 
this  side  runs  up  into  the  long,  rocky  point  terminating  at  Spuyten  Duyvel  Creek. 

The  western  shore  is  of  the  tertiary  formation,  while  the  island  is  composed  of  primitive  granite.  Among 
other  public  buildings  to  be  seen  garnishing  the  edge  of  the  latter,  as  we  proceed  up  the  river,  are  the  Orphan 
Asylum  and  the  Lunatic  Asylum. 

Manhattanville  is  next  visible,  embosomed  in  a  soft  valley,  and  surrounded  by  hills.  This  was  the  home  of 
Audubon,  the  celebrated  naturalist. 

Next  comes  Carmansville,  a  cluster  of  rural  residences,  nine  miles  from  the  city  proper,  and  a  favorite  with 
New-Yorkers  as  a  suburban  retreat. 

Fort  Washington,  a  bold  and  rocky  height,  fraught  with  Revolutionary  associations,  springs  before  us,  a  mile 
farther  up.  This  place,  now  presenting  a  large  number  of  elegant  country  seats,  was  the  scene  of  a  sanguinary 
encounter  with  the  invading  army,  in  which  the  Americans  lost  some  two  thousand  prisoners. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


57 


We  are  now  fairly  among  the  Palisades,  those  irregular  walls  of  trap-rock,  springing  in  rude,  stern  columns 
from  Nature's  hand,  and  forming  lofty  precipices  at  the  river's  brink  on  either  side.  They  arf»  indescribably  wild 
and  beautiful.  In  some  places  may  be  seen,  poised  aloft,  enormous  masses  of  rock,  apparently  just  trembling  on 
the  fall,  and  whose  fall,  it  would  seem,  might  cause  the  solid  globe  itself  to  quiver  to  its  base.  Hardy  stunted 
trees  cling  to  the  bare  ledges  and  corrugated  sides  with  their  grapnel  roots ;  wild  flowering  vines  sometimes  twine 
the  dark  rocks  almost  to  their  dizzy  summits ;  and  now  and  then  a  white  cottage  may  be  seen  set  like  a  star 
against  the  frowning  walls,  or  perched  on  high,  like  an  eagle's  nest.  Here  and  there  a  break  will  occur,  and 
stretching  through  the  gap,  with  Titanic  buttresses  on  either  side,  the  enchanted  vision  penetrates  a  wondrous 
scene  of  lake  and  inlet,  reaching  far  inland,  and  losing  themselves  among  the  misty  mountains  of  the  back- 
ground, like  a  dream.  Wild  birds  scream  above  the  heights,  and  vanish  strangely  in  the  ragged  foldings  of  the 
drifting  fogs ;  and  the  white-winged  vessels,  floating  on  the  bosom  of  the  shadowed  stream,  appear  like  tiny  fairy 
craft, 

The  romantic  little  village  of  Yonkers,  on  the  eastern  side,  sixteen  miles  from  the  metropolis,  is  a  great  resort 
as  a  rural  retreat.  Hastings  is  the  next  place  of  historical  note  ;  and  here  the  Palisades  begin  to  recede  from  the 
river.  Dobb's  Ferry,  also  a  favorite  resort,  and  an  important  spot  in  Revolutionary  times,  is  on  the  same  side. 
We  next  come  to  Sunnyside,  the  "  Wolfert's  Roost  "  of  Washington  Irving,  whose  "  Sketch-Book  "  you,  like 
enough,  hold  in  your  hand  at  this  moment.  But  the  lovely  and  antique  villa  is  scarcely  visible  from  the  water,  it 
is  so  deeply  bowered  in  the  trees. 

Tappan  Village,  with  its  spreading  bay  and  noble  scenery,  is  the  next  place  of  interest,  which  is  redoubled 
from  the  fact  of  its  having  been  the  headquarters  of  General  Washington,  and  the  place  of  Major  Andre's  execu- 
tion, in  1780. 

Tarrytown  (twenty-six  miles  from  New  York)  is  famed  as  the  place  of  Andre's  capture,  by  Paulding  and  his 
comrades,  the  spot  being  indicated  by  a  monument,  erected  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  north  of  the  town. 

"  Sleepy  Hollow,"  the  scene  of  Ichabod  Crane's  adventure  with  the  "  Galloping  Hessian,"  in  Irving's  "  Legend 
of  Sleepy  Hollow,"  is  about  two  miles  distant,  and  will  be  found  to  be  in  excellent  keeping  with  the  story ;  the 
quietude  of  enchantment  reigning  everywhere,  only  disturbed,  or  rather  lulled  to  deeper  slumber,  by  the  low  mur- 
mur of  the  mill-stream. 

Among  the  more  picturesque  and  interesting  localities  between  this  spot  and  West  Point,  are  Sing  Sing,  Ver- 
dritege's  Hook  (a  bold  headland,  on  the  summit  of  which  is  a  lovely  lake,  the  source  of  the  Hackensack  River); 
Croton  Village,  with  its  river  which  supplies  New  York  with  water,  and  its  celebrated  Dam ;  Stony  Point,  the  site 
of  the  Revolutionary  fort  of  that  name ;  Verplanck's  Point ;  Peekskill ;  Caldwell's  Landing,  situated  at  the 
base  of  the  Dunderberg ;  and  Buttermilk  Falls,  a  narrow  but  picturesque  cataract  of  about  two  hundred  feet  fall. 

We  now  reach  West  Point,  distant  fifty  miles  from  the  city,  and  affording,  doubtless,  some  of  the  most  mag- 
nificent series  of  scenery  in  America.  We  say  series,  because  a  twenty-minutes'  walk  in  almost  any  direction  will 
present  a  scene  totally  varied  and  distinct  from  those  which  preceded  it.  Looking  across  the  river,  we  have  the 
water-view  below  the  bluffs,  and  the  gently-rolling  land  and  happy  farms  of  Putnam  County,  with  enough  of  the 
Highlands  upon  its  side  to  back  the  view  with  vigor  and  effect.  To  the  northward,  a  gap  in  the  stern  hills  allows 
the  view  to  wander  almost  to  Cornwall ;  and  the  varied  mountain  scenery,  looking  inland,  from  any  point  of 
eminence,  is  so  wild  and  lovely  as  to  demand  the  brush  and  easel,  rather  than  the  pen,  to  furnish  an  adequate 
delineation. 

The  Military  Academy,  the  chief  attraction  to  the  visiting  stranger,  is  one  of  the  noblest  institutions  of  the 
United  States  Government ;  and  the  beautiful  grounds  attached  are  laid  out  with  excellent  taste. 

Nearly  every  spot  in  this  vicinity  is  full  of  historic  interest.  Fort  Clinton  occupied  the  site  of  the  Academy 
itself.  The  ruins  of  Fort  Putnam  and  others  are  still  to  be  seen ;  and  near  the  steamboat-landing  is  the  rock  from 
which  the  chain  was  stretched  across  the  river  in  the  Revolutionary  War. 

The  large  structure  crowning  one  of  the  hills  was  formerly  Cozzens's  Hotel,  formerly  a  famous  and  fashion- 
able watering-place. 

And  so  on  to  the  Katskills,  also  haunted  by  the  legendary  lore  which  Irving  has  left  imperishable,  with  a  dozen 
intervening  objects  of  historical  interest  and  splendid  scenery,  we  can  while  away  the  delicious  hours  of  our  river- 
excursion,  with  a  vivid  panorama  which  must  recur  in  many  a  dream  and  after-thought. 

By  another  excursion,  we  may  visit  some  of  the  very  pleasant  localities  of  Long  Island  and  New  Jersey. 

A  railroad  jaunt  of  half  an  hour,  by  either  the  New  Jersey  or  New  Jersey  Central  Railroad,  will  bring  us  to  the 
quaint  old  town  of  Elizabeth.  It  was  built  in  1664,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest,  if  not  the  very  oldest  settlement  in 
the  State  of  New  Jersey.  It  has  many  handsome  dwellings,  and  the  beautifully-arranged  streets  are  garnished 
with  rich  foliage.  This  and  a  number  of  other  towns  on  the  railway  lines  have  of  late  years  become  very  popular 
with  New-Yorkers,  as  places  for  permanent  residence,  and  real  estate  in  their  vicinity  has  advanced  in  price  in- 
credibly. 


68 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


If  the  visitor  to  Elizabeth 
proceeds  by  the  New  Jersey 
Railroad,  he  will  pass  through 
Newark,  though  the  stoppages 
here  are  so  brief  as  to  al- 
low him  scant  time  for  the 
inspection  of  that  large  and 
important  city.  If  he  takes 
the  Central  line,  he  will  have 
a  fine  water-view  nearly  all  the 
way,  and  will  cross  Newark 
Bay — a  noble  sheet  of  water 
— on  probably  the  longest 
railroad  bridge  in  the  world. 

From  Newark,  Orange  is 
only  four  miles  distant,  and  a 
drive  through  this  picturesque 
town,  or  an  excursion  to  the 
top  of  Orange  Mountain, 
through  the  beautiful  Llewel- 
lyn Park,  is  a  very  charming 
trip.  The  view  from  Orange 
Mountain  is  very  fine,  extend- 
ing to  New  York  Bay,  and 
having  the  far-off  Trinity 
steeple  as  one  of  its  distant 
objects.  The  country  around 
Orange  is  very  picturesque,  is 
well  wooded,  is  marked  by 
very  old  orchards,  quaint,  em- 
bowered  cottages,  and  other 
evidences  of  a  long  settle- 
ment. 

A  little  longer  jaunt  will 
bring  us  to  Paterson,  and  the 
Falls  of  the  Passaic.  The 
water  is  not  of  great  volume, 
but  its  tumbling  leap  over 
rocky  precipices  into  the  nar- 
row ravine  makes  it  one  of 
the  most  romantic  cascades 
to  be  found. 

Paterson  is  also  famous 
for  its  annual  races,  and,  when 
the  great  meetings  take  place, 
the  town  and  its  suburbs  are 
crowded  with  turf-lovers  from 
the  metropolis  and  all  over 
the  country. 

And,  while  we  are  on  the 
subject  of  racing,  we  may  as> 
well  dispose  of  the  large  and 
fashionable  grounds  which 
have  in  a  measure  tniown  all 
rivals  in  the  shade — those 
known  as  Jerome  Park. 


NOW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


59 


The  sport  of  horse-racing,  for  which  the  Anglo  Saxon  Celtic  race  throughout  the  world  seems  to  have  an  irre- 
pressible passion,  was  never  conducted  on  a  thoroughly  systematic  basis  and  in  such  a  way  as  to  render  it  at  once 
popular  and  fashionable,  until  Mr.  Jerome  and  the  gentlemen  associated  with  him  took  the  matter  in  hand.  They 
have  succeeded  in  giving  a  zest  and  brilliancy  to  these  affairs  that  were  never  before  known  in  the  United  States, 
not  even  at  the  most  enthusiastic  demonstrations  for  which  New  Orleans,  Charleston,  St.  Louis,  and  Mobile,  have  in 
former  times  been  famous.  Our  artist  has  caught  one  of  the  most  exciting  episodes  connected  with  a  contest  be- 
tween high -mettled  champions  of  the  turf  with  a  graphic  felicity  that  could  not  be  equalled  by  even  the  realistic  de- 
tails of  the  photograph.  There  is  not  any  part  of  it  which  does  not  give  evidence  of  fine  artistic  faculty.  The  dim 
perspective,  typical  of  a  level  expanse  of  fertile  fields  ;  the  easy  rendering  of  the  handsome  extent  and  finish  of  the 
Club  buildings  on  the  left ;  the  marvellous  idea  given  of  a  colossal  crowd  on  the  grand  stand,  and  of  the  multifa- 
rious congregation  between  that  point  and  the  striking  groups  in  the  foreground.  These  foreground  groups  are, 
though,  the  feature  of  the  picture.  Every  type  of  character  to  be  found  on  a  race-course  is  here  individualized. 
The  party  of  young  "  swells  "  mounted  on  an  aristocractic  four-in-hand  "  drag  "  is  the  prominent  apex  of  the 
design ;  the  Washington-Market  boy,  with  spirited  steed  harnessed  to  the  market-dray  of  his  craft,  he  looking  as 
though  telling  you  in  the  immortal  language  of  Keyser,  "  if  you  didn't  believe  he  was  a  butcher,  to  smell  of  his 
boots  ;  "  the  gay  coterie  of  gamblers  and  their  female  companions  in  their  hired  barouche — the  "  cut  "  of  the 
driver  indicating  the  "  turnout "  is  from  a  livery-stable ;  the  eager  betting-men  disputing  over  the  chances  of  their 
favorite  animals  ;  the  pickpocket  being  escorted  by  a  policeman  to  the  rear,  and  the  general  public,  only  anxious 
to  behold  the  race,  rushing  for  places  where  a  good  sight  can  be  had — all  these  points  are  masterly,  and  tell  more 
than  any  pen  can  do 

Jamaica,  Long  Island,  is  a  pleasant  old  rural  town,  which  may  be  reached  three  or  four  times  a  day,  by  the 
Long  Island  Railroad  at  Hunter's  Point.  Besides  possessing  many  handsome  residences,  and  other  objects  of 
interest,  it  is  the  highway  of  communication  to  Hempstead,  Greenport,  Rockaway,  and  Montauk. 

Rockaway  has  several  large  hotels,  and  its  famous  beach  is,  probably,  the  finest  for  sea-bathing  in  the 
world.  t 

Flushing  is  a  very  charming  town,  situated  on  Flushing  Bay,  and  reached  either  by  steamboat  or  rail.  The 
former  starts  from  near  Peck  Slip,  and  the  cars  run  from  Hunters  Point,  which  connect  by  ferries  with  Thirty- 
fourth  Street  and  James  Slip,  East  River. 

Bay  Side,  situated  about  four  miles  from  Flushing,  is  a  delightful  place  for  a  day's  excursion  ;  the  scenery  is 
beautiful,  and  the  bay  is  famous  for  its  clams — a  roast  or  chowder  served  up  in  primitive  style  being  one  of  the 
features  of  the  place.  This  place  can  be  reached  by  private  conveyance  only,  but  which  can  be  obtained  at 
Flushing  at  moderate  charges. 

Staten  Island,  whose  beautiful  green  hills,  embosoming  so  many  pleasant  towns  and  elegant  villas,  guard  the 
western  side  of  the  Narrows,  also  affords  some  exquisite  scenery.  The  three  ferry-landings,  fronting  on  the  Bay, 
are  very  popular,  more  especially  among  the  poorer  and  middle  classes,  as  places  of  Sunday  and  holiday  resort ; 
and  the  towns  of  Richmond,  New  Brighton,  and  others,  with  their  adjacent  clusters  of  elegant  mansions  and 
country-seats,  are  full  of  attraction. 

The  lower,  or  Jersey-facing,  side  of  the  island  is  best  reached  by  taking  the  boat  which  leaves  the  North  River 
pier  near  the  Battery,  and  plies  through  the  Kills,  as  the  long  sea-inlets  separating  the  island  from  Jersey  are 
termed. 

Just  before  entering  them,  we  pass  the  neat  and  pleasant  buildings  of  Sailors'  Snug  Harbor — looking  snug  and 
cosy  enough  to  satisfy  almost  any  weary  mariner  upon  the  sea  of  life.  The  shores  of  the  island  facing  the  Kills 
are  garnished,  with  even  more  fine  country-seats  than  the  other  side,  and  the  waters  are  favorite  offings  for  our 
yachtmen  and  boating-parties.  Vast  plantations  of  oysters  are  cultivated  here,  and  the  fleets  of  oyster-boats  and 
fishing-smacks  give  animation  to  the  pleasant  scene.  Elm  Park,  on  the  shore  of  the  island,  about  an  hour's  sail 
from  the  city,  is  finely  situated,  and  was  once  a  favorite  place  for  temporary  resort  for  all  classes ;  but  the  rowdy 
element  has  possessed  it  almost  entirely  for  the  past  few  years. 

While  in  the  Kills,  we  can  enter  Raritan  Bay,  and  proceed  to  quaint  old  Perth  Amboy,  so  named  from 
its  having  been  originally  chartered  to  the  Earl  of  Perth,  in  1683.  It  is  a  neat  and  picturesque  watering-place, 
anL  with  Shrewsbury  and  one  or  two  other  ports,  forms  a  sort  of  headquarters  of  the  fishing  and  oyster  trade. 
Many  years  ago  the  Perth  Amboians  cherished  the  hope  that  their  port  was  destined  to  be  the  metropolis  of 
the  continent ;  and  there  are  still  to  be  found  some  old  fossils  of  the  past — amphibious  habitues  of  the  dilapi- 
dated tap-rooms — who  vaunt  the  wealth  and  commerce  of  their  little  town  as  incomparably  superior  to  Manhattan 
Island. 

An  excursion  through  the  Narrows,  round  the  outer  Bay  to  the  New  Jersey  Highlands,  and  up  the  Navesink 
River,  affords  equal  pleasure  and  interest. 

This  is  the  route  usually  taken  by  the  Long  Branch  steamers,  communicating  with  the  railroad  leading  to  that 


60 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


fashionable  sea-side  resort.  In  warm  weath- 
er these  boats  are  crowded  with  iashion- 
ables  of  both  sexes,  and  long  trains  of  cars 
are  kept  running  almost  constantly  to  the 
great  hotels  which  line  the  beach  for  over 
a  mile. 

The  Highlands  of  New  Jersey  afford  the 
finest  and  boldest  ocean-front  presented  by 
that  State.  The  scenery  is  mostly  rugged 
and  wild,  but  many  pleasant  hotels  are 
crouched  upon  the  beach,  between  the  head- 
lands and  the  sea,  with  every  facility  for 
boating,  fishing,  and  still-water  sea-bathing. 
Numerous  picturesque  boat-houses,  belong- 
ing to  clubs  or  individuals,  also  add  to  the 
beauty  of  the  scene. 

Passing  up  the  Navesink,  a  brief  sail, 
with  noble  scenery  on  either  side,  brings  us 
to  the  pleasant  town  of  Red  Bank.  It  does 
not  boast  many  imposing  or  elegant  build- 
ings, but  is  a  delightful  place,  and  has  one 
fine  hotel,  which  has  a  quiet  run  of  custom. 

If  one  wishes  a  nearer  beach  than  that 
of  Long  Branch,  the  incomparable  Coney 
Island — infinitely  better  and  safer  for  sea- 
bathing— is  easily  accessible. 

It  can  be  reached  by  boat  {see  advt.  in 
daily  papers)  or  by  cars  from  Brooklyn. 

Time  was  when  this  sea-girt,  barren 
sand-heap,  was  the  only  fashionable  sea- 
bathing resort  for  New-Yorkers,  and  when 
its  beach  was  thronged  with  the  beauty  and 
the  refinement  of  Manhattan  Island  and 
Brooklyn.  But  its  nearness  to  the  city, 
and  the  increasing  facilities  of  reaching  it, 
caused  it  to  be  speedily  monopolized,  with 
few  exceptions,  by  the  rougher  classes  and 
loose  characters,  and  it  was  long  ago  aban- 
doned by  the  "  upper  ten "  for  fresher 
waves  and  beaches  more  remote 

But,  in  the  hot  season,  Coney  Island  is 
the  great  democratic  resort — the  ocean 
bath-tub  of  the  great  unwashed — and  it  is 
even  more  representative  in  its  way  than 
any  of  its  more  aristocratic  rivals. 

It  will  be  seen,  by  our  enumeration  of 
suburban  places,  that  New-Yorkers  are 
abundantly  supplied  with  opportunities  for 
rural  pleasure.  The  stranger  may  pass  a 
summer  here  in  excursions  to  different  re- 
sorts in  the  vicinity,  and  find  more  variety, 
more  amusement,  and  more  comfort,  than 
he  could  possibly  secure  at  watering-places. 
One  day  he  may  sail  up  the  North  River, 
another  spend  on  the  sea-shore ;  at  one 
time  he  may  explore  the  East  River,  another 
he  may  visit  our  numerous  islands.    Boats  and  cars,  almost  without  number,  wait  hourly  upon  his  pleasure. 


c 

03 


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61 

OTHER  POINTS  OF  INTEREST. 


HOFFMAN  HOUSE  AND  EESTAURANT, 

MADISON  SQUARE,  NEW  YORK. 


The  Hoffman  House,  on  Madison  Square,  a  fine  marble  building,  is  one  of  the  most  elegant  in  the  city.  Its 
beautiful  decorations  and  its  management  arc  in  keeping  with  its  wide  reputation.  It  is  fully  provided  with  all 
modern  improvements.    Its  restaurant  is  noted  for  the  excellence  of  its  euisim  . 


62  NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


DECKER  BROTHERS'  PIANO-FORTE  WAREROOMS,  33  UNION  SQUARE. 


In  the  body  of  this  work  (p.  19)  will  be  found  the  illustration  of  the  building  of  Decker  Brothers,  the  justly-cele- 
brated and  well-known  piano-forte  makers  of  this  city.  The  building  can  probably  be  best  described  by  quoting 
from  Appletons'  Journal,  issue  of  April  23,  1870.  The  editor,  in  his  "Table-Talk,"  after  describing  several  new 
and  beautiful  buildings  recently  erected,  concludes  as  follows : 

"  But,  of  all  our  new  buildings,  the  handsomest  is  the  one  on  Union  Square,  for  Decker  Brothers'  piano  ware- 
rooms.  This  building,  though  not  large,  is  in  a  new  direction  in  street-architecture,  and  we  may  well  hope  to  see 
its  example  followed.  It  is  of  Ohio  freestone  and  brick,  in  the  style  known  as  the  ornamental  Gothic,  and,  with 
the  contrasts  of  tints  in  the  material  and  its  quaint  windows,  makes  a  most  picturesque  effect.  One  is  so  weary 
of  brownstone,  sandstone,  white  marble,  and  painted  iron,  in  our  architecture,  that  a  front  like  this,  so  full  of  light 
and  shadow,  so  mellow  and  rich  in  tone,  so  fresh  and  pleasing  in  design,  is  a  very  agreeable  revelation.  "What  a 
superb  quarter  of  the  city  Union  Square  would  be,  if  fronted  with  buildings  as  inspiriting  as  this  ! " 

The  foundation  of  the  house  was  unostentatiously  laid  in  1862,  with  a  small  capital  in  money,  but  a  capital 
large  in  experience  in  all  that  was  necessary  to  produce  instruments  to  sell  to  a  critical  public — experience  gained 
by  an  acquaintance  from  their  earliest  youth  with  every  (even  the  minutest)  detail  of  the  mechanism  of  the  piano- 
forte, and  by  having  filled  the  most  responsible  positions  in  the  establishments  of  the  earlier  manufacturers  of  our 
time.  They  indulged  in  no  rosy  fancies  of  sudden  popularity  and  a  quickly-realized  fortune.  Of  simple  tastes, 
they  undertook  the  business  not  so  much  as  a  means  to  wealth  as  for  the  purpose  of  improving  the  manufacture. 
Being  practical  artisans  themselves,  and  familiar  with  the  capabilities  of  every  man  employed  in  the  business  in 
New  York,  they  found  no  difficulty  in  securing  the  services  of  the  highest  skill  for  each  department.  Good 
mechanics  prefer  employment  where  their  ability  is  not  only  well  paid  for,  but  is  also  properly  appreciated,  and 
the  estimation  in  which  the  Decker  Brothers  were  held  was  such  as  to  cause  the  leading  journeymen  in  other  fac- 
tories to  seek  engagements  at  their  hands. 

The  instruments  manufactured  by  this  firm  fully  realize  the  standard  of  what  a  well-made  piano,  for  tone  and 
durability,  should  be.  The  firm  is  one  of  the  most  prominent  of  representative  piano-forte  makers  in  the  world, 
having  won  this  proud  position  by  the  intrinsic  merits  of  the  instruments  of  its  make.  The  location  of  the 
building  is  convenient  and  on  the  most  prominent  thoroughfare  in  the  city.  The  rooms  are  in  all  respects  suited 
to  the  business,  and  afford  every  opportunity  for  testing  the  tone  and  for  the  inspection  of  the  finish  of  their 
pianos.  Every  attention  is  shown  to  visitors,  and  altogether  it  is  one  of  the  most  inviting  and  comfortable  places 
in  the  city  to  visit. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


63 


PRATT S  ASTRAL  OIL  WORKS. 

These  valuable  and  extensive  works  are  located  in  Williamsburgh,  N.  Y.,  and  are  among  the  largest  of  their 
kind  in  the  United  States,  occupying  in  extent  130  city  lots  (2,500  feet  in  a  lot),  or  from,  say,  seven  to  eight  acres, 
with  a  water-frontage  of  a  quarter  of  a  mile.  The  proprietors,  Messrs.  Charles  Pratt  &  Co.,  conduct  an  immense 
export  business  in  conjunction  with  a  large  domestic  trade.  In  these  operations  the  article  known  as  Astral  Oil, 
which  has  now  attained  a  world-wide  reputation,  mainly  figures. 

The  oil  is  conveyed  from  the  railroad  terminus  in  large  barges  specially  constructed  for  the  purpose,  each  of 
which  contains  a  large  tank  holding  1,200  barrels.  On  its  arrival  at  the  dock,  it  is  pumped  into  tanks  through 
pipes  8  inches  in  diameter  and  450  feet  long.  There  are  several  of  these  receiving-tanks,  one  of  which  has  a  capa- 
city of  25,000  barrels. 

The  Pcmp-Room  is  supplied  with  five  large  steam-pumps.    These  pumps  combined  throw  3,000  barrels  an  hour. 

The  Stills. — Of  these  there  are  in  all  nineteen,  varying  in  capacity  from  200  to  600  barrels  each.  The  stills 
convert  the  oil  into  vapor,  which  then  passes  into  a  condensing  apparatus.  This  apparatus  consists  of  a  huge 
%  box,  as  it  were,  80  feet  long  by  16  wide,  and  8  feet  in  depth,  furnished  with  coiled  pipe  continuously  cooled  by 
running  water.  From  the  condenser  the  distillate  passes  to  the  Running-Room,  where  the  progress  of  the  work  is 
noted,  the  specific  gravity  determined,  and  the  separations  made.  From  the  running-room  the  distillate  is  con- 
veyed through  pipes  to  the  distillate  tanks,  of  which  there  are  several,  of  capacity  from  500  to  1,000  barrels  each. 
Thence  it  is  pumped  to  the  Agitator,  where  the  oil  is  bleached  by  a  treatment  of  1%  per  cent,  of  sulphuric 
acid.  It  then  undergoes  a  washing  with  a  solution  of  caustic  soda,  and  subsequently  ammonia,  by  which  process 
the  acid  is  neutralized,  and  after  which  it  is  run  into  the  Bleaching  and  Settling  Pans,  each  of  which  contains 
700  barrels.  From  these  the  oil  is  pumped  into  another  receiving-tank,  from  which  it  is  again  passed  to  the 
Packing-House,  an  immense  structure,  somewhat  remote  from  the  other  buildings,  and  contiguous  to  the  shipping 
dock.  Into  this  building  the  oil  is  carried  in  pipes,  where  it  is  measured  out  by  an  ingenious  filling  apparatus  into 
the  cans,  the  same  being  filled  as  rapidly  as  the  workmen  can  pass  them  along.  Filling  and  shipping  10,000  of 
these  cans  constitute  an  ordinary  day's  work.  At  the  time  of  the  writer's  visit  there  were  four  large  vessels  at 
the  dock  taking  cargoes  of  oil  for  different  European  ports,  and  it  is  no  uncommon  thing  to  see  six  or  eight  lying 
there  for  the  same  purpose. 

Conspicuous  on  the  premises  is  a  four-story  brick  building,  100  by  100.  This  is  occupied  mainly  as  a  tin-shop 
and  machinery-shop,  two  floors  being  required  for  the  former.  Some  idea  may  be  formed  of  the  work  in  this 
department  when  it  is"  stated  that  it  takes  from  75,000  to  100,000  boxes  of  tin  plate  and  150  tons  of  solder  annu- 
ally to  supply  this  shop.  Ten  thousand  five-gallon  cans  can  be  made  daily,  and  the  time  consumed  in  making  a 
can,  filling  with  oil,  packing  in  wooden  case  ready  for  shipment,  is  less  than  two  minutes,  the  cost  of  labor  not 
exceeding  two  cents. 

The  Cooperage  Department  employs  from  75  to  100  men  making  and  preparing  barrels  to  receive  refined  oil, 
naphtha,  benzine,  and  gasolene,  in  which  products  the  company  do  an  immense  business,  making  more  of  a  sp<  - 
cialty  of  the  lighter  products  of  petroleum  than  any  other  house. 

The  number  of  employe's  is  between  three  and  four  hundred,  in  conjunction  with  ten  trucks,  ten  to  twelve 
lighters,  and  two  steam-tugs,  in  transporting  goods  to  and  from  the  works. 


64  NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


THE  OSWEGO  STARCH-FACTORY. 

Above  we  present  a  cut  of  the  starch-factories  of  Messrs.  T.  Kingsford  &  Son,  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  whose  principal 
depot  is  at  146  Duane  Street,  New  York.    E.  C.  Chapin,  General  Agent. 

The  manufacture  of  starch  from  Indian-corn,  by  an  akaline  process,  was  introduced  into  this  country  in  1842 
-'43  by  Thomas  Kingsford.  From  the  small  beginning  then  made  the  business  has  increased  until  now  one  of  the 
largest  factories  in  the  world  is  owned  by  the  above  firm,  T.  Kingsford  &  Son,  at  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  in  the  manu- 
facture of  starch  in  both  its  varieties — laundry  and  edible  corn-starch. 

The  present  dimensions  of  the  main  factory  buildings  in  which  the  starch  is  made  and  packed,  and  which  are 
built  in  the  most  substantial  manner  of  stone,  brick,  and  iron,  and  some  portions  of  which  are  seven  stories  high, 
are  733  feet  front,  and  extending  back  200  feet  to  the  Oswego  River,  which  furnishes  splendid  water-power. 
Besides  these,  are  large  buildings,  such  as  the  box-factory,  store-houses,  machine-shops,  carpenter-shop,  and  other 
out-buildings.  There  are  twelve  acres  of  floors,  five  acres  of  roofs,  and  38,800  lights  of  glass,  equal  to  about  the 
surface  of  one  acre.  The  factories  contain  689  cisterns  or  vats,  with  an  aggregate  capacity  of  3,150,000  gallons 
of  water  for  the  purpose  of  effectually  cleansing  the  starch  from  every  conceivable  impurity. 

There  are  forty-eight  pumps,  capable  of  raising  850,000  gallons  of  water  per  hour.  The  length  of  gutters 
for  distributing  the  starch  and  water  is  6^-  miles.  There  are  four  miles  of  water-pipes,  varying  in  size  from  two 
inches  in  diameter  to  twenty-four  inches. 

For  grinding  the  corn  there  are  24  pairs  of  burr-stones  and  six  pairs  of  heavy  iron  rollers.  There  are  five 
miles  of  shafting,  connected  by  2,499  gear-wheels,  also  716  pulleys.  There  are  690  sieves  for  straining  the  starch. 
There  are  33^  miles  of  steam-pipes  for  drying  starch  and  warming  the  works.  There  are  fourteen  turbine  water- 
wheels  of  an  aggregate  of  1,220  horse-power,  and  ten  steam-engines  of  845  horse-power,  making  an  aggregate  of 
2,065  horse-power.  There  are  thirteen  large  steam-boilers.  There  are  twenty-four  machines  for  packing  and 
weighing  the  starch,  capable  of  packing  72,000  packages  per  day.  The  building  and  machinery  where  the  pack- 
ing-cases are  made  have  a  capacity  to  turn  out  70,000  cases  per  day.  There  are  7,240  feet  of  belting,  varying  in 
width  from  two  inches  to  twenty-four  inches,  and  27^  miles  of  hoop-iron  used  in  hooping  the  cisterns.  The  build- 
ings cover  five  acres,  while  the  number  of  acres  occupied  for  factory  purposes  is  seventeen  and  one-quarter ; 
6,000  tons  of  coal  are  used  annually.  The  works  are  now  making  at  the  rate  of  21,500,000  pounds  of  starch 
annually,  or  about  thirty-five  tons  per  day.  To  pack  this  amount  of  starch,  700,000  pounds  of  paper  are  required, 
and  5,000,000  feet  of  lumber  for  boxes,  the  whole  furnishing  employment  to  about  600  operatives. 


65 


We  give  illustrations  of  the  stores  of  Messrs.  A.  T.  Stewart  &  Co.  on  other  pages  in  the  body  of  this  work, 
where  they  are  but  just  mentioned  as  we  pass  along  up  Broadway.  But  here  we  give  a  more  extended  account  of 
these  most  wonderful  establishments,  not  to  gratify  the  curiosity  of  New-Yorkers,  for  there  is  probably  not  one 
who  does  not  know  all  about  them  thoroughly ;  but  in  answer  to  the  inquiries  of  the  stranger — for  none  ever  come 
to  our  city  but  they  seek  out  and  visit  the  "  marble  palaces  "  of  Stewart.  The  building,  as  given  on  page  15,  "  Stew- 
art's Wholesale  Store,"  is  located  on  Broadway  and  Chambers  Street,  six  stories  in  height,  overlooking  the  City 
Hall  Park,  and  runs  from  Chambers  to  Reade  Streets,  extending  back  on  those  streets  some  three  hundred  feet. 
When  erected,  this  great  block  of  marble  was  considered  to  be  "  up-town,"  and  twenty  years  ago  it  was  as  fash- 
ionable for  ladies  to  shop  there  as  it  is  now  in  Stewart's  grander  temple  of  trade  on  Broadway,  Ninth  to  Tenth 
Streets.  It  is  constructed  of  the  purest  Westchester  marble,  and  in  the  Corinthian  order  of  architecture,  and  its 
appearance  to-day  is  as  fresh  and  pleasing  as  when  first  opened  to  the  public  nearly  thirty  years  ago.  Within  this 
period  many  other  styles  and  orders  of  architecture  have  been  tried  and  adopted  in  the  construction  of  business- 
edifices  in  our  city ;  but,  among  them  all,  none  appear  more  beautiful  or  better  adapted  to  the  taste  or  the  wants 
of  the  immense  business,  to  accommodate  which  it  was  erected.  It  bears  no  sign  or  name,  but  none  ever  found 
difficulty  in  ascertaining,  on  the  first  inquiry,  "  It  is  Stewart's  marble  palace."  The  clerical  department  is  located 
on  the  first  floor,  at  the  corner  of  Chambers  Street  and  Broadway.  It  occupies  a  space  of  about  forty  feet  by  two 
hundred  feet  in  depth.  With  this  exception,  the  entire  building  is  given  up  to  the  display  of  merchandise, 
domestic  and  foreign.  Immense  as  the  stock  here  displayed  is,  it  forms  only  a  small  part  of  the  whole,  as  com- 
pared to  the  mass  of  goods  on  storage  at  the  various  public  stores  in  this  city,  Jersey  City,  Brooklyn,  and 
elsewhere,  many  of  which  are  wholly  filled  with  the  property  of  this  firm. 

The  retail  establishment  of  Messrs.  A.  T.  Stewart  &  Co.  (see  page  1 8)  occupies  the  entire  square  of  ground  con- 
tained within  Broadway,  Fourth  Avenue,  and  Ninth  and  Tenth  Streets,  covering  an  area  of  over  two  acres,  and  is, 
with  its  seven  stories,  containing  over  sixteen  acres,  devoted  alone  to  the  retail  trade  of  this  gigantic  concern. 
This  building  is  the  first  and  only  one  of  its  kind  in  the  world  constructed  wholly  of  iron,  standing  alone,  unsup- 
ported by  any  surrounding  walls.  It  is  an  enduring  monument  to  the  mind  that  conceived  it  and  to  the  architect 
who  executed  it.  With  no  obstructions  to  the  eye,  upon  entering,  the  visitor  has  before  him,  at  one  glance,  the 
two  acres  of  floor  upon  which  he  stands.  Here,  as  in  the  wholesale  department,  order  is  the  first  rule.  No  un- 
seemly haste  or  bustle  is  allowed,  but  everything  is  quiet  and  business-like.  A  no  more  beautiful  sight  can  be 
had  in  New  York  City  on  a  pleasant  day  than  can  be  obtained  by  a  visit  to  this  establishment.  On  the  first, 
second,  and  third  floors,  are  exhibited  the  finest  productions  of  Europe  and  America ;  while,  looking  down  from 
the  dome  upon  the  vast  multitude  of  ladies  and  customers  usually  trading  within  these  acres  of  space,  a  view  is  to 
be  had  the  like  of  which  can  be  found  nowhere  else,  either  in  this  country  or  Europe. 


* 


G6 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


LIFE  INSURANCE. 

The  New  York  Life  Insurance  Company's  Home  Office,  346  and  348  Broadway,  New  York  (an  illustration 
of  which  we  give  on  page  15  of  this  work),  was  erected  by  the  Company  in  1868-"70.  The  ground  dimensions  are 
sixty  feet  front  on  Broadway,  one  hundred  and  ninety-six  feet  on  Leonard  Street,  seventy-one  feet  wide  in  the  rear, 
and  one  hundred  and  ninety-seven  feet  on  Catharine  Lane.  This  site,  being  centrally  located,  is  one  of  the  most 
valuable  in  the  city,  and  has  long  been  a  favorite  one  with  New-Yorkers. 

The  building  presents  an  imposing  exterior.  It  is  built  of  pure  white  marble,  in  the  Ionic  style,  the  design 
having  been  taken  from  the  Temple  of  Erectheus  at  Athens. 

The  portico  at  the  principal  entrance  is  twenty  feet  in  width,  projects  four  feet  from  the  main  building,  and 
has  double  columns  on  each  side.  Upon  these  rests  a  cornice,  with  a  broken  pediment,  in  which  is  set,  in  sculpt- 
ured marble,  the  insignia  of  the  Company,  viz.,  an  eagle's  nest,  and  an  eagle  feeding  her  young.  The  coat-of- 
arms  of  New  York  City  appropriately  crowns  the  front  of  the  edifice.  The  roof  is  of  iron,  and  the  building  is 
fire-proof  throughout. 

The  interior  of  the  building  is  in  keeping  with  its  general  character — simple,  elegant,  and  perfectly  adapted  to 
the  purpose  for  which  it  was  erected.  The  offices  of  the  Company  are  at  the  end  of  the  hall,  on  the  first  floor. 
The  main  room  takes  in  the  whole  width  of  the  building,  and  is  one  hundred  and  ten  feet  long  through  its  centre. 
Side-rooms  at  the  rear  end  serve  as  offices  for  the  President  and  Vice-President,  Medical  Examiners,  and 
Directors,  and  as  fire  and  burglar  proof  vaults  for  the  securities  and  books  of  the  Company.  Agents  of  the  Com- 
pany occupy  a  part  of  the  second  floor,  and  the  remainder  of  the  building  is  rented  for  stores  and  offices. 

The  substantial  character  of  the  building,  its  great  beauty,  and  its  perfect  adaptation  to  the  purpose  for  which 
it  was  constructed,  combine  to  make  it  symbolical  of  the  financial  soundness  and  honorable  dealing  of  the  Com- 
pany, and  of  that  complete  adaptability  to  the  wants  of  the  age  which  have  ever  characterized  its  systems  of 
insurance. 

A  good  deal  of  attention  has  been  drawn  to  the  business  of  life  insurance  of  late,  on  account  of  the  failure  of 
a  few  small  companies.  We  use  the  words  "  few  "  and  "small"  advisedly,  for  the  number  of  failures,  among 
forty-four  companies  doing  business  in  the  State,  January  1,  1876,  has  been  but  five,  their  aggregate  assets, 
January  1,  1876,  was  less  than  $14,000,000,  and  the  total  deficit  reported  is  less  than  $5,000,000;  while  all  the 
companies  held  assets  to  the  amount  of  over  $400,000,000,  being  an  average  of  about  $10,000,000  each. 

The  late  investigations  of  the  subject  have  shown  not  only  the  soundness  and  good  management  of  the  old  and 
purely  mutual  companies,  but  also  that,  as  a  business,  life  insurance  has  been  managed  with  comparatively 
very  little  loss. 


The  New  York  Underwriter  gives  the  following  tab- 
ular statement  of  the  business  of  life  insurance  compa- 
nies reporting  to  the  Insurance  Department  of  this  State, 
during  the  twenty-eight  years  ending  January  1,  1877: 

Premium  receipt*  $954,077,307 

Interest  receipts   199,313,584 

Total  receipts  $1,153,35:0.891 

Paid  claims  (20.75  per  cent.)  $239,326,566 

Paid  dividends  (14.81  per  cent.)   171,040,900 

Paid  lapsed  and  pur.  pol.  (11.48  per  cent.)   132.393  614 


Total  to  policy-holder?  (47.04  percent.)  $542,761,080 

Paid  to  stockholders  (0.53  per  cent.)   6,099.314 

Paid  expenses  (15.65  per  cent.)   180,425,637 


The  New  York  Life  Insurance  Company. — In  the 
case  of  the  best  companies  the  showing  is,  of  course, 
much  more  favorable.  The  New  York  Life,  for  exam- 
ple, which  is  one  of  the  few  old  and  purely  mutual 
companies,  having  been  organized  in  1845,  shows  in 
round  numbers  the  following  result  of  its  thirty-two 
years'  work : 

HISTORY.— 1845-1877. 

Number  of  policies  issued   125,000 

Amount  insured  $368,000,000 

Premium  receipts   68,000,000 

Death-claims  paid   16,000.000 

Dividends  and  returned  premiums  paid   22,000,000 

CONDITION,  JANUARY  1,  1877. 

Number  of  policies  in  force   45,500 

Total  amount  insured  $128,000,000 

Cash  assets   33.300,000 

*Surplus,  company's  standard   2,625,0(0 

*      u      N.  Y.  State      "      over   5,500,000 


BUSINESS.  1876. 

New  policies  issued   6,500 

Amount  insured   $20,000,000 

Total  income   8,000,000 

Interest  receipts   1.900.000 

Death-claims  paid   1,550,000 

Interest  exceeded  death-claims   350,000 

Dividends  and  returned  premiums  paid   2.500.000 

Increase  in  assets   3,000.000 


Total  expenditures  (63.22  per  cent.)  $729,286,031 

Present  assets  less  stock  (36.43  per  cent.)  $420,108,963 

This  leaves  $3,995,897  to  be  accounted  for,  which, 
with  the  deficit  ($4, 710,279)  of  the  five  insolvent  com- 
panies reported  on  since  this  table  was  compiled,  gives 
$8,706,176,  which  may  be  set  down  as  the  amount  lost 
to  policy-holders  through  the  failure  of  companies. 
This  is  a  large  sum,  but  it  is  a  very  small  percentage, 
indeed,  of  the  immense  amounts  handled,  being  less 
than  one  per  cent,  on  the  premiums  paid  by  policy- 
holders to  the  companies. 

The  New  York  Life  has  always  maintained  a  deservedly  high  reputation  for  careful  management,  and  for 
liberal  dealing  with  policy-holders.  Its  great  success  has  largely  reduced  the  actual  cost  of  insurance  to  its  policy- 
holders, among  whom  all  the  profits  of  the  business  are  divided,  and  it  continues  under  the  same  judicious  man- 
agement that  has  made  it  a  representative  of  the  life  insurance  business. 

The  conditions  of  a  life  policy  are  simple;  the  payments  are  small,  compared  with  the  indemnity  promised  ; 
and,  if  one  has  a  policy  in  a  good  company,  its  ultimate  payment  may  be  regarded  as  sure.  There  are  very  many 
persons  who  could  pay  twenty,  fifty,  or  a  hundred  dollars  a  year  in  life  insurance  premiums,  and  never  feel  the 
poorer  for  the  outlay,  who  would  save  themselves  many  anxious  thoughts,  and  perhaps  save  their  families  many 
privations  and  humiliations,  by  thus  investing  a  part  of  their  surplus  earnings.  The  great  recommendation  of  the 
system  is,  that  the  indemnity  it  furnishes  begins  at  once,  as  soon  as  the  first  payment  is  made,  to  the  full  amount 
of  the  policy.  Thus,  for  example,  the  family  of  a  man  who  insures  for  $5,000,  and  pays,  say  a  single  premium  of 
#150,  is  entitled  to  $5,000  at  his  death,  whether  that  occur  the  next  day  or  twenty  years  hence.  If  he  lives  long 
future  payments  are  no  great  burden;  when  he  dies,  be  that  early  or  late  in  life,  the  insurance  is  a  great  blessing. 


*  Exclusive  of  the  amount  ($517,504.84)  specially  reserved  as  a  contingent  liability  to  Tontine  Dividend  Fund. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


67 


FIRE-BRICK,  ENAMELED  CLAY  RETORTS,  TILING,  ETC. 

The  rapid  expansion  of  the  iron  and  steel  working  interests 
of  the  United  States  during  the  past  twenty-tive  years  has  given 
a  great  impetus  to  the  manufacture  of  fire-brick,  lor  use  in  blast- 
furnaces, founderies,  cupolas,  etc. ;  and  the  general  introduction 
of  illuminating  gas  in  all  parts  of  the  country  has  created  a  great 
demand  for  retorts  made  of  fire  clay,  which  is  now  almost  uni- 
versally used  in  place  of  iron.  Blocks,  slabs,  and  tiles,  are  also 
manufactured  from  fire-clay,  in  a  great  variety  of  forms,  for 
many  different  purposes,  and  the  business  has  become  one  of 
decided  importance. 

For  many  years  this  class  of  goods  was  chiefly  imported 
from  Europe,  the  idea  being  prevalent  that  we  possessed  neitli  >r 
the  right  quality  of  material  nor  the  skill  and  experience  requi- 
site for  working  it.  The  discovery  of  extensive  deposits  of  tine 
clay  in  numerous  localities,  particularly  in  New  Jersey,  demon- 
strated the  fallacy  of  the  first  proposition,  and  the  skillful  labor 
was  quickly  forthcoming  to  prove  the  error  of  the  second,  and 
for  some  years  past  we  have  been  under  no  necessity  of  import- 
ing goods  of  this  character. 

Among  the  largest  manufactories  of  articles  from  fire-clay  is 
the  Manhattan  Fire-Brick  and  Enameled  Clay  Retort 
Works,  in  this  city,  of  which  Mr.  Adam  Weber  is  the  proprie- 
tor. The  business  was  established  in  1868  by  the  firm  of  Maurer 
&  Weber,  and  the  partnership  continued  until  March,  1875,  when 
Mr.  Weber  became  the  sole  owner.  The  works  are  located 
upon  East  15th  Street,  near  Avenue  C,  the  premises  comprising 
eight  city  lots  of  25  by  100  feet  each,  on  15th  Street,  two  on  the 
Avenue,  and  one  on  16th  Street.  With  the  exception  of  an  open 
space  sufficient  for  a  coal-yard  and  the  storage  of  clay,  the  entire 
area  is  covered  with  substantial  brick  buildings,  two  and  three 
stories  high,  above  which  rises  a  huge  chimney  to  the  height  of 
154  feet  six  inches.  This  chimney  was  built  under  Mr.  Weber's 
personal  direction,  and  is  a  fine  specimen  of  its  class  of  architect- 
ural design. 

The  works  contain  three  kilns,  each  with  capacity  for  80,000  fire-brick.  Two  of  these  kilns  are  used  for  fire-brick,  tiles,  etc.,  to- 
other for  gas-retorts,  holding  about  forty  retorts  of  the  average  size.  The  introduction  of  labor-saving  machinery,  much  of  it  de- 
signed by  the  proprietor  of  the  works,  reduces  the  number  of  workmen  to  about  seventy,  with  which  force  the  production  is  from 
5,000  to  6,000  fire-brick  daily,  and  about  thirty  gas-retorts  weekly.  A  steam-engine  of  twenty-five-horse  power  drives  the  machinery 
and  operates  an  elevator  which  connects  the  floors  of  the  main  building.  A  large  portion  of  the  upper  story  of  this  building  is  devoted 
to  the  manufacture  and  storage  of  wooden  patterns,  of  which  the  assortment  is  very  extensive  and  valuable.  Ample  stable-room  is 
provided  for  the  accommodation  of  eight  or  ten  horses  and  three  double  and  three  single  wagons,  which  are  constantly  employed  in 
the  transportation  of  clay  from  the  dock  at  the  foot  of  East  15th  Street,  and  the  delivery  of  goods  for  shipment. 

The  clay -beds  are  in  Perth  Amboy,  N.  J.,  coverinsr  an  area  of  forty  acres.    The  Office  of  the  Works  is  at  No.  685  East  15th  Street. 


The  Manhattan  Fire-Brick  and  Enameled  Clay  Retort  Works. 


STEANGEES1  GUIDE 


Bt  noting  the  peculiar  shape  of  New 
York,  strangers  will  be  much  aided  in 
traveling  about  the  city.  New  York  is 
situated  on  a  long,  narrow  island.  Broad- 
way, which  begins  at  its  lower  terminus, 
at  the  Battery,  runs  nearly  through  the 
centre  lengthwise,  and  in  a  straight  line, 
until  reaching  Fourteenth  Street,  when  it 
glances  off  obliquely  to  the  west.  Above 
Fourteenth  Street.  Fifth  Avenue  divides 
the  city  right  and  left,  and  all  the  streets 
above  this  point,  crossing  the  city,  are 
known  as  West  and  East.  These  streets 
are  numbered,  beginning  at  Fifth  Avenue. 
The  city  runs  north  and  south.  The  south- 
ern extremity  is  at  the  Battery.  Hence, 
when  walking  up-town,  or  from  the  lower 
part  of  the  city,  the  right  hand  is  east,  the 
left  hand  west.  The  cross-streets  above 
Fourteenth  Street  are  of  nearly  an  equal 
distance  apart,  and  twenty-one  squares 
make  a  mile. 

CITY  RAILROADS. 

Bleecker  st.  and  Fulton  Ferry. — From  W. 
14th  st.,  Tenth  Av.,  to  Bleecker,  through 
Bleecker,  across  Broadway  to  Crosby, 
thence  to  the  City  Hall  Park,  down  Beek- 
man  st.  lo  ferry.  Beturns  through  Ann 
st.  to  Park. 

Central  Park  and  North  River. — From 
Central  Park,  west,  through  5.»th  st  to 
Tenth  Av.,  thence  by  river  avenues  to 
Battery  and  South  Ferry. 

Central  Park  and  East  River. — From  Cen- 
tral Park,  east,  through  5'.»th  St.,  by  East 
River  avenues,  connecting  with  ail  East 
River  ferries,  to  So.  Ferry  and  Battery. 

Dry  Dock  and  East  Broadway. — From  E. 
14th  st.  to  City  Hall  Park,  through  east- 
ern avenues  and  Ease  Broad wav. 

Grand  st.,  E.  R..  to  Cortlandt  St.,  N.  R. — 
Through  Canal  Greenwich  st.,  etc. 

Grand  St.,  E.  R.,  to  Desbrnsses  st.,  N.  R. 
(n.  Canal) — through  Grand  &  Veseysts. 

Thirty-fourth  st.,  E.  R.  (Hunter's  Point 
Ferry),  to  City  Hall  Park,  through  east 
side  avenues. 

Thirty-fourth  st.,  E.  R.,  to  Chambers  st., 
N.  R.,  through  east  side  avenues,  and 
across  town  through  Prince  and  Hous- 
ton sts. 

Eighth  Av. — From  125th  st.,  through 
Eighth  Av.,  Hudson,  and  W.  Broadway, 
to  Broadway,  at  City  Hall  Park.  A 
branch  of  this  road  terminates  at  Canal 
st.  and  Broadway. 

Ninth  Av.— From  W.  54th  st.  through 
iSinth  A  v.,  Greenwich,  to  cor.  Fulton 
and  Broadway. 

Second  Av. — From  Harlem  through  Sec- 
ond A  v.,  Bowery,  to  Peck  S.ip.  E.  R. 
A  branch  of  this  road  runs  from  Astoria 
Ferry,  via  Second  Av..  to  Astor  Place, 
at  Broadway  Another  branch  termi- 
nates at  Worth  st.  and  Broadway. 

SeventTi  Av.  and  Broadway. — From  Cen- 
tral Park  through  Seventh  Av..  Broad- 
way to  14th  St.,  thence  Wooster  and  W. 
Broadway  to  Broadway,  at  City  Hall 
Park.  A  branch  terminates  at  Broome 
st.  and  Broadway. 


|  Seventh  Av. — From  Central  Park  through 
Seventh  A  v.  to  Greenwich  Av.,  thence 
by  Washington  Park  to  Thompson,  to 
same  terminus  as  above. 

Sixth  Av. — From  Central  Park  through 
Sixth  Av.  to  Canal,  W.  Broadway,  to 
cor.  Yesey  st.  and  Broadway.  A  branch 
terminates  at  Canal  st.  and  Broadway. 

Forty-second  St. — From  the  Grand  Central 
Depot,  via  Third  Av.  and  the  Bowery, 
to  City  Hall  Park. 

Third  A  v. — From  Harlem  through  Third 
Av.,  Bowery,  Chatham  st.,  to  City  Hall 
Park. 

W.  42d  st.— By  Tenth  Av..  34th  st.,  Broad- 
wav,  23d  St.,  Fourth  Av.,  14th  st.,  etc., 
to  Grand  St.,  E.  R. 

Twenty-third  st  — From  23d  St.,  N.  R. 
(Erie  Railway  ferry  to  Jersey  City),  di- 
rectly across  "town  to  23d  and  34th  sts.. 
E.  R".  (Green  Point  and  Hunter's  Point 
ferries.) 

Tenth  st. — From  Christopher  St.,  N.  R. 

(Hoboken  fern-),  to  foot  of  10th  St..  E.  R. 
Fourteenth  st.— From  Christopher  St.,  N. 

R..  to  14th  St.;  through  Union  Square 

to  17th  st.,  W.,  to  foot  of  23d  st. 
Elevated  Steam  Railway. — From  Battery, 

through  Greenwich  st.  and  Ninth  Av., 

to  59th  st. 

Fourth  Av.  —  From  Central  Park,  via 
Madison  Av.,  Grand  Central  Depot, 
Fourth  Av.,  Bowery,  and  Centre  St.,  to 
City  Hall  Park. 

Notwithstanding  the  abuse  that  is  lav- 
ished upon  them,  the  New  York  horse- 
cars  are  as  well  managed  as  those  of  any 
other  city.  The  greatest  fault  is  over- 
crowding, and  that  cannot  well  be  avoided, 
the  low  rate  of  fare  encouraging  people  not 
to  walk.  On  all  lines  in  the  city,  except 
the  Fourth  Avenue  and  Chambers  street, 
the  uniform  fare  is  five  cents  from  the  City 
Hall  to  Central  Park,  a  distance  of  four 
miles.  For  one,  two,  or  three  cents  more, 
the  passenger  is  carried  four  miles  farther, 
and  from  the  City  Hall  to  Harlem,  a  dis- 
tance of  eight  miles,  the  fare  is  only  six 
cents.  We  may  add  that  the  horse-cars  of 
New  York  transport  350.000  persons  daily, 
and  that  they  employ  5,000  men  and  9,000 
horses. 

OMNIBUS  LINES. 

The  omnibuses  have  their  starting- 
points  at  South  Ferry.  Wall  Street  Ferry, 
and  Fulton  Ferry.  All  of  them  run  up 
Broadway  as  far  as  Fourteenth  street,  and 
thence  proceed  to  Twenty-third  street. 
Madison  Avenue.  Fourth  Avenue,  and 
Fourteenth  street  Ferry.  The  uniform 
rate  of  fare  is  ten  cents  for  each  person. 

FERRIES. 

The  ferries  of  New  York  are  unsur- 
passed in  America  for  equipments,  small- 
ness  of  fare,  and  frequency  of  trips.  Three 
million  five  hundred  thousand  dollars  of 
capital  are  invested  in  them,  and  they 


afford  constant  employment  to  fifteen  hun- 
dred men  and  seventy-five  boats.  Some 
of  the  boats  are  as  large  as  the  smaller 
modern  ocean  steamships,  and  have  a  reg- 
I  istered  capacity  for  a  thousand  tons. 
Brooklyn.  —  Catharine  Slip  to  Main  st. 

Reached  by  Second  Avenue  cars. 
Brooklyn. — 'Foot  Fulton  to  Fulton  st. 

Reached  by  Fifth  Avenue  stages,  and 

Bleecker  st.  cars. 
Brooklyn.  —  Foot  Wall  to  Montague  st. 

Reached  by  Wall  st.  and  Broadway 

stages. 

Brooklyn. — Foot  Whitehall  to  Atlantic  st. 
Reached  by  a  large  number  of  Broadway 
stages,  etc. 

Brooklyn  (Williamsburgh). — Foot  Roose- 
velt to  South  Tth  st. 

Brooklyn  (Williamsburgh).-Foot  E.  Hous- 
ton to  Grand  st. 

Brooklyn  (Williamsburgh). — Foot  Grand 
to  Grand  St.,  and  to  South  7th. 

Bull's  Ferry  and  Fort  Lee.— Pier  51,  N.  R. 

Greenpoint.— Foot  E.  10th  and  foot  E.  23d. 

Hamilton  Av. — Foot  Whitehall  to  Atlantic 
Dock. 

Harlem  —Piers  IS  and  19,  E.  R.,  to  Har- 
lem Bridge. 

Hoboken. — Foot  Barclay,  N.  R. 

Hoboken. — Foot  Christopher,  N.  R. 

Hunter's  Point.— Foot  E.  34th  to  Ferry  st. 

Hunter's  Point. — James  Slip,  E.  R.,  to 
Ferry  st. 

Jersey  City.— Foot  Cortlandt  to  Mont- 
gomery st.  Reached  by  Grand  st.  and 
Belt  Line  railroads. 

Jersey  City  — Foot  Desbrosses  to  Ex- 
change Place.  Grand  st.  and  Belt  Line 
railroads. 

Jersey  City. — Foot  Liberty  st.  to  Commu- 
nipaw.  (New  Jersey  Central  and  New- 
ark and  New  York  depots.) 

Jersey  City.— Foot  23d  St..  N.  R.,  and  foot 
Chambers  st.,  to  Pavonia  Avenue  (depot 
of  the  Erie  Railwav). 

Staten  Island.— Pier 'at  foot  Whitehall  st. 
to  Tompkinsville.  (Stapleton  and  Yan- 
derbilfs  Landing.) 

Staten  Island.— Pier  19,  N.  R.  Washington 
Market  to  New  Brighton.  Sailor's  Snug 
Harbor,  and  Port  Richmond. 

Staten  Island.— Foot  Whitehall  st.  to  same 
landings  as  the  latter. 

Weehawken.— Foot  W.  42d  st. 

PLACES  OF  AMUSEMENT. 

Academy  of  Music,  14th  St.,  corner  of 
Irving  Place,  a  short  distance  east  of 
Broadway.  Accessible  by  car  and  om- 
nibus from  all  parts  of  the  city.  Usual 
entertainment — Italian  or  E:.glish  opera. 

Booth's  Theatre,  corner  of  '23d  st.  and 
Sixth  av.  Broadway  and  23d  st.  stages 
and  Sixth  av.  cars  pass  the  door.  Broad- 
way cars  pass  within  one  square  to  the 
E.,  and  the  Seventh  av.  cars  within  one 
square  to  the  W.  Connections  can  be 
made  with  nearly  every  line  of  cars  in 
the  city  by  the  cross-town  line  passing 
the  door.  Usual  entertainment— classi- 
cal nrama. 

Bowery  Theatee  is  situated  on  Bowery, 
near  Canal  st.  Third  and  Second  av. 
cars  pass  the  door.  A  branch  of  the 
Bleecker  st.  line  (yellow  cars)  also  pass 
it.  This  is  the  only  line  that  connects  it 
with  the  W.  side.  "Usual  entertainment 
— popular  melodrama. 


STRANGERS'  GUIDE. 


69 


Bryant's  Minstrels,  in  23d  st.,  a  few 
doors  W.  of  Sixth  av.  Usual  entertain- 
ment— negro  minstrelsy. 

Fifth  Avenue  Theatre,  in  W.  2Sth  St., 
a  few  doors  from  Broadway.  Accessi- 
ble by  same  lines  of  cars  as  above. 
Usual  entertainment  —  modern  come- 
dies. 

Grand  Opera-House  (formerly  known  as 
"Pike's"),  at  corner  28d  st.  and  Eighth 
av.  Broadway  and  23d  st.  omnibuses 
and  Eighth  av.  and  23d  st.  cars  pass  the 
door. 

Germania  Theatre,  in  Tammany  Hall, 
14th  st.  Usual  entertainment— German 
drama. 

Lyceum  Theatre,  14th  St.,  just  W. 
of  Sixth  av.,  and  three  squares  W.  of 
Broadway.  Accessible  by  Sixth  av. 
cars. 

Metropolitan  Theatre,  in  Broadway, 
opposite  Metropolitan  Hotel.  Usual  en- 
tertainment— varieties. 

Niblo's  Theatre,  on  Broadway,  be- 
tween Prince  and  Houston  sts.,  in  rear 
of  Metropolitan  Hotel.  All  the  Broad- 
way omnibuses  pass  the  door.  Usual 
entertainment — spectacular  and  sensa- 
tional drama. 

New  York  Stadt  Theatre,  in  Bowery, 
nearly  opposite  the  Bowery  Theatre. 
Usual  entertainment  —  German  opera 
and  drama. 

Olympic  Theatre,  622  Broadway,  be- 
tween Houston  and  Bleecker  sts.  All 
the  Broadway  omnibuses  pass  the 
door.  Usual  entertainment  —  varie- 
ties. 

Park  Theatre,  on  Broadway,  between 
21st  and  22d  sts.  Accessible  by  Broad- 
way cars  and  omnibuses. 

Roman  Hippodrome,  at  27th  st.  and  Madi- 
son Square.  Accessible  by  Fourth  av. 
cars,  Madison  av.  stages,  and  Broad- 
way cars.  In  summer  converted  in- 
to a  promenade  concert  and  gar- 
den. 

Theatre  Comique,  on  Broadway,  near 
Grand  st.  Usual  entertainment — va- 
rieties. 

Union  Square  Theatre,  in  Union  Square, 
between  Broadway  and  Fourth  av.  Ac- 
cessible by  all  omnibus  lines,  Fourth  av. 
cars,  42d  st.  and  Grand  st.  ferry  cars,  and 
Broadway  and  Seventh  av.  cars.  Usual 
entertainment — modern  comedy. 

Wallaces  Theatre,  on  Broadway,  cor. 
of  13th  st,  one  square  below  Union  Park. 
All  the  Broadway  omnibus  lines  pass  the 
door;  Fourth  av.  cars  are  at  the  rear; 
Broadway  cars  one  short  square  to  the 
W.  Usual  entertainment  —  standard 
English  and  American  comedies. 

Wood's  Museum,  Broadway,  near  30th  st. 
Broadway  and42d  st.  cars  pass  the  door. 
It  is  situated  a  short  square  E.  of  Sixth 
av.  Usual  entertainment — popular  spec- 
tacular or  melodrama. 

ART  GALLERIES. 

Academy  of  Design,  corner  of  Fourth  av. 

and  23d  st. 
Goupil's.  cor.  of  22d  st.  and  Fifth  av.  Free. 
Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  123  W.  14th 

street. 

Schaus's,  749  Broadway.  Free. 
Snedecor's,  Fifth  av.,  near  22d  st.  Free. 
Moore's,  39  Union  Square.  Free. 

LIBRARIES. 

Apprentices',  472  Broadway.   Open  from 

8  a.  m.  to  9  P.  M. 
Astor,  Lafayette  pi.,  n.  Astor  pi.  (a  short 

square  E.  of  Broadway,  between  4th  st. 

and  Astor  Place).    Open  daily,  except 

Sundays  and  holidays,  from  9  a.  m.  to  5 

p.  m.  Free. 
City,  12  City  Hall  — Open  daily,  from  10 

a.  m.  to  4  p.  m.    Free  to  all  persons. 
Cooper  Union,  7th  st.,  c.  Fourth  av. — Open 

from  8  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m. 


Library  of  the  American  Institute,  Cooper 
Union. — Open  daily,  from  9  a.  m.  to  9  i 
p.  m. 

Mercantile  Library  Association,  Astor  pi. 
—Open  from  8  a.  m.  to  9  p.  m.  Down- 
town office,  49  Liberty. 

New  York  Historical  Society,  Second  av. 
c.  E.  11th. — Open  from  9  a.  m.  to  9  p.  m. 

New  York  Law  Institute,  41  Chambers. — 
Open  from  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

New  York  Society,  67  University  pi. — 
Open  from  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Printers',  3  Chambers. — Open  every  Sat- 
urday evening. 

Woman's,  44  Franklin. — Open  daily,  from 
9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  161 
Fifth  av.,  Third  av.  c.  E.  122d,  2b5  Hud- 
son, 69  Ludlow,  and  97  Wooster. — Open 
daily,  from  8  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m. 

COLLEGES. 

Columbia  College,  E.  49th  St.,  Fourth  av. 
Theo.  Seminary  of  the  Protestant  Episco- 
pal Church,  W.  20th  St.,  between  Ninth 
and  Tenth  A  vs.  Rutgers  Female  College, 
489  Fifth  Av.,  between  41st  and  42d  sts. 
St.  Francis  Xavier.  49  W.  15th  st.  Union 
Theo.  Seminary,  9  University  Place.  Uni- 
versity, Washington  Square,  on  University 
Place,  corner  Clinton  Place,  two  squares 
W.  of  Broadway.  Bellevue  Hospital  Med. 
Col.,  foot  E.  26th  st.  College  of  Pharmacy 
of  the  City  of  New  York.  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  E.  23d  st.,  corner 
Fourth  av.  Eclectic  Medical  College,  223 
E.  26th  st.  Hahnemann  Acad,  of  Med., 
105  Fourth  av.  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College,  151  E.  20tb  st.  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Society,  H.  M.  Smith,  Sec,  105 
Fourth  av.  N.  Y.  Academy  of  Medicine : 
meets  at  E.  23d.  cor.  Fourth  a  v.,  1st  and 
3d  Wednesday  of  each  month.  N.  Y.  Col- 
lege of  Dentistry,  25  W.  27th  st.  N.  Y. 
College  of  Veterinary  Surgeons,  179  Lex. 
Av.  N.  Y.  Medical  College  for  Women, 
102  E.  12th  st.  N.  Y.  Pathological  Soc, 
E.  23d,  corner  Fourth  av.  University 
Medical  College,  Worth  near  Church. 

HOSPITALS. 

Bellevue,  ft.  E.  26th.  Children's  Hos- 
pital and  Nursery,  E.  51st,  n.  Third  av. 
German,  Fouith  av..  c.  E.  77th.  Mount 
Sinai,  232  W.  28th.  New  York,  319  Broad- 
way. New  York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary, 
216  Second  av.  New  York  Infirmary  for 
Women  and  Children.  126  Second  av.  New 
York  Ophthalmic,  387  Fourth  av.,  is  open 
daily  from  2  to  3  o'clock.  New  York 
Homoeopathic  Infirmary  for  Women,  W. 
48th.  c.  Sixth  av.  Seamen's  Fund  and  Re- 
treat (S.  l.\  12  Old  Slip.  St.  Luke's,  W. 
54th,  c.  Fifth  av.  St.  Vincent's.  195  W. 
11th  (under  the  charge  of  the  Sisters  of 
Charity).  Ward's  Island  (office  Castle 
Garden).  Women's,  E.  50th,  c.  Fourth  av. 
Roosevelt  Hospital,  Ninth  av.,  c.  58th  st. 

PRINCIPAL  CEMETERIES. 

Calvary  (Roman  Catholic).  Newtown,  L. 
I.   Reached  by  Flushing  Railroad. 

Cypress  Hills,  on  Myrtle  av.  and  Jamaica 
Plank  road,  five  miles  from  Williams- 
burgh  ferries.   Office,  3  Tryon  Row. 

Greenwood,  on  Gowanus  Heights,  Brook- 
lyn. Reached  by  cars  from  ferries. 
Office.  3  Broadway. 

Trinity,  between  W.  153d  and  155th  sts., 
and  Tenth  av.  and  N.  R.  Hudson  River 
way-trains  stop  at  159th  st. 

Woodlawn.  on  Harlem  Railroad,  six  miles 
from  Harlem  Bridge.  Office,  56  E. 
26th  st. 

PRINCIPAL  CHURCHES. 
Baptist. 

Calvary,  50  W.  23d  ;  Minister,  R.  S.  McAr- 
thm\  h.  437  W.  22d  st. 

Fifth  Avenue,  W.  46th,  n.  Fifth  av.;  Min- 
ister, Thomas  Armitage,  h.  2  W.  46th. 


Madison  Avenue,  c.  E.  31st ;  Minister,  Jas. 
F.  Elder,  h.  217  E.  72d. 

Pilgrim,  W.  33d,  n.  Eighth  av. ;  Minister, 
J.  S.  Kennard,  h.  302  W.  5oth. 

South,  235  W.  25th;  Minister,  C.  A.  Os- 
borne. 

Congregational. 

Church  of  the  Disciples,  Madison  av..  cor. 
45th  ;  Minister.  George  H.  Hepworth. 

Tabernacle,  Sixth  av.,  c.  \V.  34th:  Minis- 
ter, Wm.  M.  Taylor,  h.  5  W.  35th. 

Dutch  Reformed. 

Collegiate,  Lafayette  pi.,  c.  E.  4th  ,  North 

Dutch.  William  c.  Fulton;  Fifth  av..  c. 

W.  29th;  Collegiate,  W.  48th,  n.  Fifth 

av. ;  Ministers,  William  Ormiston,  Jas. 

M.  Ludlow,  T.  E.  Vermilye,  and  T.  W. 

Chambers. 
North  Dutch,  102  Fulton  st. ;  Missionary, 

J.  L.  McNair. 
Madison  Avenue,  c.  57th ;  Minister,  H.  D. 

Gause,  h.  707  Lexington  av. 
South,  Fifth  av..  c.  W.  21st;  Minister,  E. 

P.  Rogers,  h.  42  W.  27th. 
Thirty-fourth  st.,  307  W.  34th;  Minister, 

James  Riley,  h.  344  W.  32d. 
Washington  Square,  Wash.  sq.  E.  c.  Wash. 

pi. ;  Minister,  Mancius  S.  Hutton,  h.  47 

E.  9th. 

Friends. 

East  Fifteenth,  c.  Rutherford  pi. 
Twentieth  Street.  E.  20th.  n.  Third  ar. 
Twenty-seventh  Street,  43  W.  27th. 

Jewish  Synagogues. 

Emanuel  Temple,  c.  43d  st.  and  Fifth  av. 
Abawath  Chesed,  c.  Lexington  av.  &  55th. 
Anshar  Chesed,  c.  Lexington  av.  and  63d. 
Adereth  El,  135  E.  29th. 
Beth  El,  248  W.  33d. 

Lutheran. 

Holy  Trinity,  W.  21st,  n.  Sixth  av. ;  Min- 
ister, F.  Koeni?. 

Lutheran,  Av.  B,  c.  E.  9th ;  Minister,  F. 
W.  Foehlinsrer. 

St.  James.  216  E.  15th;  Minister,  A.  C. 
Wedekind. 

St.  Luke's,  318  W.  43d;  Minister,  W.  II. 
Buttner. 

Methodist  Episcopal. 

St.  John's,  231  W.  53d;  Parsonage,  214 
W.  53d. 

Forty-third  Street,  253  W.  43d ;  Parsonage, 

249  W.  43d. 
John  Street,  44  John. 
Ladies'  Five  Points  Home  Mission,  61 

Park. 

Rose  Hill,  221  E.  27th ;  Parsonage,  219  E. 
27th. 

St.  Paul's.  Fourth  av.,  c.  E.  22d ;  Parson- 
age. 2S9  Fourth  av. 

Second  Street,  276  Second ;  Parsonage,  280 
Second. 

Free  Tabernacle,  248  W.  34th ;  Parsonage, 
263  W.  34th. 

Twenty-fourth  Street.  359  W.  24th. 

Washington  Square.  137  W.  4th ;  Parson- 
age, 80  Macdougal. 

St.  James.  Madison  av.,  c.  126th ;  Minister, 
C.  D.  Foss. 

Preshyterlnn. 

Brick,  Fifth  av.,  c.  W.  37th  ;  Minister,  Jas. 

O.  Murray,  h.  286  Lexington  av. 
Church  of  the  Covenant.  Fourth  av.,  c.  E. 

35th;  Minister.  M.  R.  Vincent. 
Fifth  Avenue,  c.  W.  55th  ;  Minister,  John 

Hall. 

First,  Fifth  av.,  c.  W.  11th;  Minister,  W. 

M.  Paxton,  h.  49  W.  11th. 
Fortieth  Street,  E.  40th,  n.  Lexington  av. ; 

Minister,  George  Chambers,  h.  114  W. 

88th. 

Fourth  Avenue.  286  Fourth  av. :  Minister, 
Howard  Crosby,  h.  306  Second  av. 

Rutgers,  Madison  av.,  c.  E.  2!»th ;  Minister, 
N.  W.  Conklinpr,  h.  112  E.  31st. 

Twenty-third  Street.  210  W.  23d ;  Minis- 
ter, H.  D.  Northrup. 


70 


University  Place,  c.  lOtb ;  Minister.  Robert 
R.  Booth. 

Presbyterian  Memorial.  Madison  aw,  c. 
53d";  Minister,  C.  S.  Robinson,  h.  57  E. 
54th. 

New  York,  107  W.  11th;  Minister,  W,  W. 

Page.  h.  165  W.  11th. 
North,  Ninth  av..  c.  \V.  31st;  Minister,  S. 

B.  Rossuer.  h.  354  W.  32d. 
Philips.  Madison  av..  c.  Tod:  Minister,  S. 

\V.  Alexander,  h.  153  E.  TSth. 
Puritans.  13  ith  St..  n.  Fifth  av. ;  Minister. 

E.  N.  Clark,  h.  29  Vv .  130th. 

Protestant  Episcopal. 

Rt.  Rev.  Horatio  Potter.  Bishop,  h.  3S  E. 
22d. 

Annunciation.  142  W.  14th:  Rector,  W.  J. 

Seabury,  h.  W.  20th.  n.  ;>th. 
Ascension.  Fifth  av..  c.  W.  10th:  Rector, 

John  Cotton  Smith,  h.  7  W.  10th. 
Calvary,  Fourth  av.,  c.  E.  21st;  Rector.  E. 

A.  Washburn,  h.  103  E.  21st. 
Christ.  Fifth  av.,  c.  E.  35th;  Rector,  H. 

M.  Thompson. 
Grace,  S00  Broadway.  Rector.  H.  C.  Potter. 
Holy  Trinity.  Madison  av..  c.  E.  42d  ;  Rec- 
tor. S.  H.  Tyng.  Jr..  h.  next  church. 
St.  Alban's,  Lexington  av.,  c.  E.  47th : 

Rector,  C.  W.  Morrill. 
St.  Ann's,  7  W.  ISth;  Rector,  Thos.  Gal- 

laudet,  h.  9  W.  ISth. 
St.  George's,  Rutherford  pi.,  c.  E.  16th; 

Rector.  Stephen  H.  Tyng.  h.  209  E.  16th. 
St.  John's.  46  Varick ;  S.  H.  Weston,  h. 

409  W.  23d. 
St.  Luke's.  483  Hudson ;  Rector.  Isaac  II. 

Tuttle,  h.  477  Hudson. 


St.  Mark's,  Stuyvesant,  n.  Second  av.  ; 
Rector,  J.  H.  Kvlance,  h.  11  Livingston 
Place. 

St.  Paul's.  Broadwav,  c.  Vesey;  Minister. 
B.  I.  Haight,  office  7  Church,  h.  56  W. 
26th. 

St.  Thomas's,  Fifth  av„  c.  W.  53d ;  Rector. 

W.  F.  Morgan,  h.  2S  W.  39th. 
Trinity,  Broadway,  c.   Rector;  and  the 

Chapels  of  St.  Paul's,  St.  John  s,  and 

Trinity  Chapel ;  Rector,  Morgan  Dix.  h. 

50  Varick. 

Trinity  Chapel,  15  W.  25th;  Assistant 
Minister,  C.  E.  Swope,  h.  23  E.  24th. 

Woman  Catholic. 

St.  Ann's,  149  *th ;  Priest,  T.  S.  Preston, 
h.  145  8th. 

St.  Francis  Xavier.  36  W.  16th ;  Priest,  D. 
Merrick. 

St.  Patrick's.  Cathedral  Mott.  c.  Prince ; 
Most  Rev.  John  McCloskey,  Archbishop ; 
Very  Rev.  P.  F.  McSweeiiey,  Vicar-Gen- 
eral; T.  S.  Preston.  Chancellor;  F.  Mc- 
Neirny,  Sec:  P.  F.  Mc^weeny.  J.  H. 
McGcan,  and  J.  Kearney.  Priests,  h.  263 
Mulberry. 

St.  Peter's".  Barclav,  c.  Church;  Priest,  M. 

J.  O'Farrell. 
St.  Stephen's.  149  E.  2Sth;  Priest,  E.  Mc- 

Glynn,  h.  142  E.  29th. 

Unitarian. 

All  Souls.  Fourth  av.,  c.  E.  20th  ;  Minister. 

H.  W.  Bellows,  h.  next  church. 
Messiah.  E.  34th.  c.  Park  av. 
'1  hird.  W.  40th.  n.  Sixth  av. ;  Minister,  O. 

B.  Frothimrhaui,  h.  50  W.  36tb. 


Universal  icita 

Third,  206  Bleecker:  Minister,  E.  T. 
Sweetzer,  h.  12  W .  W  ashington  Place. 

Fourth.  Fifth  av.,  c.  W.45th;  Minister,  E. 
H.  Chapin,  h.  14  E.  33d. 

Our  Saviour.  W.  .~>7th.  n.  Eighth  av. ;  Min- 
ister, Jas.  M .  Pullman,  h.  398  Ninth  av. 

SUBURBS. 

Central  Park,  which  extends  from  59th  to 
125th  street,  and  lies  between  Fifth  and 
Eighth  Avenues,  may  be  reached  by  the 
Broadway.  Seventh  Avenue,  Sixth  Av- 
enue, and  Eighth  Avenue  lines  of  cars. 
These  all  run  direct  to  the  Park.  The 
Third  Avenue  cars  run  two  squares  east 
of  the  Park. 

Jerome  Park,  by  Harlem  R.  R.  cars  to 
Fordham. 

Coney  Island,  by  steamer,  and  also  by  cars 

connecting  with  Brooklyn  ferries. 
Long  Branch,  by  steamer. 
Canarsie,  and    Roekaway.  by  ferry  to 

Brooklyn,  cars  to  East  New  York,  and 

steamer  at  Canarsie  Bay. 
High  Bridge,  by  Harlem  steamers,  or  Har- 
lem cars,  thence  by  small  steamers  up 

Harlem  River. 
Hoboken.  by  Hoboken  ferries.  See  Ferries. 
Weehawken,  by  Hoboken  ferries,  thence 

by  cars ;  or  by  Weehawken  ferry,  foot 

of  42d  street.  * 
West  Point,  via  Yonkers  and  Tarry  town, 

by  Albany  day-boats,  leaving  Pier  39,  N. 

1L,  at  8.30  a.  m.,  and  arriving  in  the  city 

again  at  6  p.  m. 
Staten  Island,  bv  ferry  at  Battery,  and  at 

Pier  19,  N.  R. 


DECKER  BROS. 


9 


SQ  UA<HE, 


u<p&igiit 


PIANO 


▲II  MATCHL 

33  UNION  SQUARE,  N.  Y. 


Prices  Reasonable 


T 


ERMS  jlASY. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED.— Ab  I  ER'l  18EMENTS. 


iii 


PRATT'S  ASTRAL  OIL. 


Absolutely  Safe!    Perfectly  Odorless! 

ALWAYS  UNIFORM. 

ILLUMINATING  QUALITIES  SUPERIOR  TO  GAS. 

Burns  in  any  lamp,  without  danger  of  exploding  or  taking  fire. 

MamacM  expressly  to  displace  the  use  of  Milily  Volatile  and  Bannerols  Oils. 

Its  safety  under  every  possible  Test,  and  its  perfect  burning  qualities,  are  proved 

by  its  continued  use  in  ow>r 

$00*000 

While  no  accident,  directly  or  indirectly,  has  ever  occurred  from  hurning,  storing,  or  handling  it. 

The  many  imitations  and  counterfeits  of  the  Astral  Oil  that  have  been  thrown  unsuccessfully  on  the  market, 

are  further 

PROOF  OF  ITS  SUPERIOR  MERIT. 

THE  ASTRAL  has  now  a  world-wide  reputation  as  the  SAFEST  and  BEST. 

THE  INSURANCE  COMPANIES  AND  FIRE  COMMISSIONERS 

THROUGHOUT  THE  COUNTRY 

RECOMMEND  PRATT'S  ASTRAL  OIL, 

As  the  Best  Safeguard  when  Lamps  are  used. 

CHARLES    PRATT     dfc  COe? 

(ESTABLISHED  1770,) 
128  PEARL  STREET,  NEW  YORK, 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. 


^nd  Restaurant, 
madison  square,  New  York. 

Said  by  all  travelers  to  be  the  best  Hotel  in  the  World. 


C.  H.  REjlQ,  (Proprietor. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. 


v 


ALBRO  &  BROTHERS'  CIRCULAR. 

 +++  

We  would  respectfully  invite  your  attention  to  the  following  memorandum  of 

TEAS,  COFFEES,  WINES,  &c. 

Please  examine  carefully  and  note  the  prices. 

Any  order  which  you  may  be  pleased  to  favor  us  with  will  be  promptly  attended  to,  and  if  any 
article  sent  does  not  prove  satisfactory  you  can  return  it  and  receive  your  money  again,  as  all  the 
goods  sold  by  us  are  warranted  to  give  entire  satisfaction. 

Perhaps  it  will  be  proper  for  us  to  say  that  we  purchase  all  our  goods  for  cash  on  delivery,  and 
sell  on  the  same  terms.  We  could  not  furnish  you  with  goods  of  the  quality  and  at  the  prices  named 
in  the  catalogue,  if  we  gave  credit. 


OOLONG  TEA. 

Good  Quality  $  .36  cents  per  Pound. 

Fine      "   48  " 

Extra  Fine  Quality  60  44 

Choice  "   72  " 

Best  "   80  44 

ENGLISH  BREAKFAST  TEA. 

Good  Quality  $  .36  cents  per  Pound. 

Fine        44   48  " 

Fxtra  Fine  Quality  60  44 

Best  "   80 


UNCOLORED  JAPAN  TEA. 

Fine  Quality  $  .40  cents  per  Pound. 

Extra  Fine  Quality. . .  .60  " 
Best  "   80  44 


YOUNG  HYSON  TEA. 

Good  Quality  $  .36  cents  per  Pound 

Fine       "   48  " 

Extra  Fine  Quality  60  44 

Choice  44  ...  .76  44 
Best  "   88  44 

GREEN  AND  BLACK  MIXED  TEAS. 

Good  Quality  $  .36  cents  per  Pound* 

Fine       "   48  44 

Extra  Fine  Quality  60  44 

Best  44   80  44 

HYSON  AND  IMPERIAL  TEAS. 

Good  Quality  $  .36  cents  per  Pound. 

Fine       44   48  44 

Extra  Fine  Quality  60  44 

Best  44   80  44 


COFFEE  ROASTED  AND  GROUND  EVERY  MORNING. 


Good  Coffee  $  .18  cents  per  Pound. 

Fine  Family  Coffee  22  44 

Choice  Old  Coffee  28  44 


Best  Quality  Old  Java  Coffee .  .$  .34  cts.  per  lb. 
44         Plantation  44    ..    .38  44 


ALL  KINDS  OF  REFINED  SUGARS  AT  THE   REFINERS'   LOWEST  PRICES. 

We  would  call  particular  attention  to  the  following  List  of  WINES,  BRANDIES,  WHISKIES,  etc., 
as  they  are  of  very  Fine  Quality  and  Warranted  Pure: 

Hennessy  and  Otard  Brandies,  at  $4,  $6,  $8,  ]  Meder's  Swan  Gin,  at  $4,  $5,  and  $6  per  Gal- 
$10,  and  $12  per  Gallon.  Ion. 

Old  Rye  and  Bourbon  Whiskies,  at  $3,  $4,  $5,    Scotch  and  Irish  Whiskies,  at  84,  $5,  and  $6 


and  $6  per  Gallon. 

Jamaica  Rum,  at  $4,  $6,  $8,  and  $10  per 
Gallon. 


per  Gallon. 

Madeira,  Sherry,  and  Port  Wines,  at  $3,  $4, 
$6,  $8,  and  $10  per  Gallon. 


CHAMPAGNE,  CLARET,  AND  CALIFORNIA  WINES,  OF  THE  FINEST  QUALITY. 


ALBRO  &  BROTHERS. 

156  Bowery,  Fourth  Door  above  Broome  Street,  New  York. 


N£W  YORK  ILLUSTRA  TED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. 


"  No  more  stirring  chronicle  of  Adventure  was  ever  penned." — London  Quarterly. 


New  Lands  within  the  Arctic  Circle. 

NARRATIVE  OF  THE  DISCOVERIES  OF  THE  AUSTRIAN  SHIP 

TEGETTHOFF  IN  i872-'74. 

By   JULIUS  PAYER, 

ONE    OF    THE    COMMANDERS    OF    THE  EXPEDITION. 


Containing  upward  of  One  Hundred  Illustrations  from  Drawings  by 
the  Author,  engraved  by  J.  D.  Cooper,  a  Colored  Frontispiece 
and  Route  Maps,  and  Preface  comparing  the  Results 
of  the  English  and  Austrian  Expeditions. 


I  vol.,  medium  ^vo        ....        -        Cloth,  extra,  $3.50. 


"  We  advise  all  who  desire  to  enjoy  a  genuine  and  unalloyed  pleasure  to  read  his 
book,  which  will  hear  more  than  one  perusal.  We  are  mistaken  if  it  does  not  take 
rank  with  the  best  of  our  English  arctic  narratives,  and  become  a  permanent  favorite 
with  old  and  young.  The  well-executed  illustrations  from  the  pencil  of  the  author  add 
greatly  to  the  value  and  attractions  of  the  book.'' — London  Times. 

"  Lieutenant  Payer  has  written  its  story  in  a  style  not  surpassed  in  fascinating  in- 
terest and  scientific  value  by  any  of  those  old  narratives  that  are  still  the  delight  of  all 
who  love  to  read  of  the  adventures  of  daring  men." — Nature. 

"No  arctic  navigator,  since  the  days  of  William  Barentz,  has  had  a  more  startling 
tale  to  tell,  and  not  one  has  told  it  better." — Athenceum. 

"  Cold-blooded,  indeed,  must  the  reader  be  who  can  study  these  volumes  without  a 
thrill  of  almost  too  intense  excitement.  For  literary  power,  the  story  of  the  Tegetthoft 
stands  in  the  very  front  rank  of  arctic  narrative." — Graphic. 

"  The  result  of  the  voyage  is  given  by  Lieutenant  Payer  in  a  magnificent  work.  .  .  . 
No  more  stirring  chronicle  of  adventure  was  ever  penned.  ...  It  is  impossible  to 
avoid  recording  our  tribute  of  admiration  to  the  heroic  endurance  with  which,  afier 
abandoning  their  ship,  they  struggled  for  months  across  a  treacherous  floating  desert 
of  ice  in  their  return  home." — London  Quarterly. 

"This  remarkable  adventure,  the  record  of  which  stands,  in  many  respects,  alone 
amid  the  stories  of  arctic  discovery.  .  .  .  The  book  presents  a  singularly  vivid  picture 
of  a  marvelous  expedition." — Edinburgh  Review. 

"  M.  Payer  tells  his  story  with  the  simple  directness  of  a  man  who  knows  that  his 
unvarnished  tale  has  power  in  itself  to  move  the  reader.  There  is  throughout  his  nar- 
rative a  charm  rarely  to  be  met  with  in  the  tales  of  arctic  adventure  and  discovery." — 
London  Spectator. 

"It  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  tales  of  personal  experiences,  of  hardship,  toil, 
and  peril,  of  valiant  endurance  and  performance,  to  be  found  in  the  records  of  seafaring 
life  and  enterprise.  Lieutenant  Payer  relates  it  altogether  well,  simply  and  modestly, 
without  any  self-glorification,  but  fully  setting  forth,  in  justice  to  his  comrades  and 
shipmates  of  all  ranks,  their  actual  labors  and  privations." — London  Saturday  Review. 


New  York:  D.  APPLETON  &  CO.,  Publishers. 


NEW  YORK  ILLU8TRA  TED.— AD  V h  R  TISEM ENTS. 


vii 


JOSEPH  GILLOTT'S 

CELEBRATED 


STEEL  PEN 


Sold  by  all  Dealers  throughout  the  World. 


EVERY  PACKET  BEARS  THE  FAC-SIMILE 
OF  HIS  SIGNATURE. 


Manufacturers'  Warehouse,  91  John  Street,  New  York, 


HEffKY  HOE,  Sole  Agent. 


JOSEPH  GILLOTT  &  SONS. 


MANHATTAN 


FIRE-BRICK  AND  ENAMELED  CLAY  RETORT  WORKS, 


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viii 


NEW  YORK  ILLUS1  RATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. 


NEW  BOOKS  AND  NEW  EDITIONS 

ISSUED  BY 

D.  APPLETON  &  CO., 

DURING  THE  YEAR  1876. 


Alden  (Joseph,  D.  D.)  Studies  in  Bryant.  1 
vol.,  241110.    Cloth,  flexible,  50  cents. 

All  the  Way  Round;  or,  What  a  Boy  Saw 
and  Heard  on  his  Way  Round  the  World.  1 
vol.,  i2mo.    Cloth,  $1.50. 

Appletons'  Illustrated  Hand-Book  of 
American  Summer  Besorts,  including 
Tours  and  Excursions.  With  Illustrations  and 
Maps.    Paper,  50c.  ;  cloth,  75c. 

Appletons'  Illustrated  Hand-Book  of 
American  Cities.   Paper,  50c. ;  cloth,  75c 

Arnott  (Neil,  M.  D.,  LX.  D.)  Elements  of 
Physics;  or,  Natural  Philosophy.  Seventh 
edition.   1  vol.,  i2mo.    Cloth,  $3. 

Bain  (Alexander).  The  Emotions  and  the 
Will.    Third  edition.    1  vol.,  8vo.    Cloth,  $5. 

Barnum  (Rev.  Samuel  W.)  A  Vocabulary 
of  English  Rhymes,  arranged  on  a  New  Plan. 
1  vol.,  i6mo.  $2.50. 

Bartholow  (Roberts,  M.  A.,  M.  D.)  A 

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Therapeutics.  ivol.,8vo.  Cloth,  $5  ;  sheep,  $6. 

Bixby  (James  Thompson).  Similarities  of 
Physical  and  Religious  Knowledge.  1  vol., 
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Broughton  (Rhoda).  Joan:  a  Novel,  ivol., 
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Brown  (John  J.)  The  American  Angler's 
Guide;  or,  Complete  Fisher's  Manual  for  the 
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trated, $2. 

Buck  (Gurdon,  M.  D.)  Contributions  to  Repa- 
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$3  ;  sheep,  $4. 

Buckley  (A.  B.)  The  Progress  of  Science.  A 
Short  History  of  Natural  Science,  for  Scholars 
and  Young  Persons.    1  vol.,  i2mo.    Cloth,  $2. 

Bryant's  (William  Cullen)  Poetical  Works. 
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Gray  (Asa).  Darwiniana:  Essays  and  Reviews 
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Hartley.  Air  and  its  Relations  to  Life  and  Being. 
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12010.    Cloth,  $1.50. 


NEW  YORK  ILL  USTRA  TED.— AD  VERTISEMENTS. 


ix 


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$1-75- 

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XX.  On  Fermentation.  By  P.  Schiitzenberger. 
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NEW  YORK  If. LUSTRA  TED.— AD  VER TISEM ENTS. 


HENRY  MAURER, 

Proprietor  of  the  Excelsior  Fire-Brick  and  Clay  Retort  Works, 

WORKS:  pi:rth  ajtiboy,  n.  J. 

Office  and  Depot,  418,  420  &  422  E.  23d  St.,  bet.  First  Ave.  and  Avenue  A,  New  York. 

MANUFACTURER  OF 

FIRE-BRICK,  BLOCKS,  AND  TILES. 


FOR 


Rolling-Mills,  G-as-Works,  Blast-Furnaces,  Founderies.  Lime-Kilns, 

Glass-Works,  Grate-Fixtures,  etc. 

Bioais  and   Tile*,   of  any  size  or  shape. 
Made  to  Order  at  the  shortest  notice, 
and  of  superior  quality. 


SOT.K  M.VM'FACTCUKK  OF 


My 
water. 


HOLLOW  BRICK, 

FOR  FIRE-PROOF  BUILDINGS. 

Factory  (formerly  ownerl  by  Joseph  Forbes,  Esq  A  is  located  a*  Perth  Amhoy.  N.  J.,  within  a  few  hundred  feet  of  tide- 
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SUPERIOR  FIRE-CLAY  BY  THE  TON  OR  CARGO. 

Pend  fop.  Prtcf-Ltst. 


APPLETONS'  AMERICAN  CYCLOP/EDIA. 


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NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. 


Belting  and  Packing  Company, 

The  oldest  and  largest  manufacturers  in  the  United  States  of 

VULCANIZED  RUBBER  FABRICS, 

IN    EVERY  FORM, 
COMPRISING 

MACHINE  BELTING  with  smooth  metallic  rubber  surface. 
STEAM  PACKING  in  every  form  and  variety. 
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"  TEST  99  HOSE.    This  extra  quality  of  Hose  is  made  expressly  for  Steam  Fire-Engine 

use,  and  will  stand  a  pressure  of  400  lbs.  per  square  inch. 

ANTISEPTIC  LINEN  HOSE,  a  cheap  and  durable  Hose  for  mill  and  factory  purposes. 

ANTISEPTIC  RUBBER-LINED  LINEN  HOSE,  the  lightest  Hose  manufactured  for  use  on  Hand  or 

Steam  Fire-Engines.    Will  stand  a  pressure  of  300  lbs.  per  square  inch. 

CAR  SPRINGS  of  a  superior  quality,  and  of  all  the  various  sizes  used. 

SOLID  EMERY  VULCANITE  WHEELS  for  grinding  and  polishing  metals— the  ORIGINAL  Solid 

Emery  Wheel,  of  which  all  other  kinds  are  imitations  and  greatly  inferior. 

CAUTION. 

Our  name  is  stamped  in  full  on  all  our  best  Standard  Belting,  Packing,  and 
Tlose.    Buy  that  only.    The  best  is  the  cheapest. 

WAREHOUSE,  37  &  38  PARK  ROW,  NEW  YORK, 

JOHN  H.  CHEEVER,  Treasurer. 


Price  lists  and  further  information  may  De  obtained  by  mail  or  otherwise  on  application. 


SELTZER 


SELTZER 


TARRANT'S 

EFFERVESCENT 


SELTZER  APERIENT. 

This  valuable  and  popular  Medicine  has  universally  received  the  most  favora- 
ble recommendations  of  the  Medical  Profession  and  the  Public 
as  the  most  efficient  and  agreeable 


BUI 


IT  MAY  BZ   USED  AVITII   THE  BEST  EFFECT  IX 


Bilious  and  Febrile  Diseases,  Costiveness,  Sick  Headache,  Nausea, 
Loss  of  Appetite,  Indigestion,  Acidity  of  the  Stomach,  Tor- 
pidity of  the  Liver,  Gout,  Rheumatic  Affections, 

AND  ALL  COMPLAINTS  WHERE 

A  Gentle  and  Cooling  Aperient  or  Purgative  is  Required. 

It  is  particularly  adapted  to  the  wants  of  Travelers  by  Sea  and  Land,  Resi- 
dents in  Hot  Climates,  Persons  of  Sedentary  Habits,  Invalids  and  Convalescents ; 
Captains  of  Vessels,  and  Planters,  will  find  it  a  valuable  addition  to  their  Medi- 
cine Chests. 

It  is  in  the  form  of  a  Powder,  carefully  put  up  in  bottles  to  keep  in  any  climate,  and 

merely  requires  water  poured  upon  it  to  produce  a 
delightful  Effervescent  Beverage. 

Numerous  testimonials,  from  professional  and  other  gentlemen  of  the  highest 
standing  throughout  the  country,  and  its  steadily  increasing  popularity  for  a 
series  of  years,  strongly  guarantee  its  efficacy  and  valuable  character,  and  com- 
anend  it  to  the  favorable  notice  of  an  intelligent  public. 

Manufactured  Only  by  the  Sole  Proprietors, 
TARRANT  &  CO., 

278  Greenwich  St.,  cor.  Warren,  N.  Y., 

AM)  FOB  SALE  BY  DBUGGISIS  GEXEBALLY, 


SELTZER 


SELTZER 


Thirty-two  Years'  Business  Experience! 


m  ybi  life  noun  CO 


■1 


1877. 


346  &  348  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK. 

PURELY  MUTUAL— NO  STOCKHOLDERS, 

In  a  Business  of  over  Thirhj-hvo  Years,  over  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  TWENTY-FIVE  THOUSAND  POLICIES 

have  been  issued,  and 

MORE  THAN  FORTY  MILLION  DOLLARS  PAID  TO  POLICY-HOLDERS, 

In  Claims  by  Death,  Returned  Premiums,  and  Cash  Dividends,  by  this  Pueely  Mutual  Company. 

Its  present  ASSETS  are  more  than  THIRTY-FOUR  MILLION  DOLLARS, 

securely  INVESTED,  and  rapidly  increasing. 

ANNUAL  GASH  INCOME,  -  -  -  EIGHT  MILLION  DOLLARS, 

And  Applications  for  Ten  Thousand  Policies  per  Annum. 

SURPLUS,  January  1,  1877,  j 

TRUSTEES 


by  the  Company's  Standard,  4  per  cent., 
by  the  New  York  State  Standard, 


-  $2,626,816.00 
over  $5,500,000.00 


Morris  Franklin, 
David  Dows. 
Isaac  C.  Kendall, 
Daniel  S.  Miller, 


Wm.  H.  Appleton, 
John  Mairs. 
Robert  B.  Collins, 
William  Barton, 


William  A.  Booth, 
George  A.  Osgood, 
Henry  Bowers, 
Charles  Weight,  M.  D.. 


WILLIAM  II.  BEERS,  Vice-President  and  Actuary. 


H.  B.  Claflin. 
Edward  Martin, 
J.  F.  Seymocb. 
Loomis  L.  White, 

MOURIS  FBANKLI*,  President, 


John  M.  Fueman, 

COENELIUS  R.  BOGERT,  M. 

Edw.  A.  Whittkmoeb, 
William  H.  Beebs. 


The  New  York  Life  Insurance  Company  offers,  to  those  desiring  insurance,  advantages  which  cannot  be  surpassed  by  any  other 
institution  of  the  Mnd.  It  lias  aire,  experience,  and  careful  management.  Its  Policies  are  so  distributed  in  different  sections  of  the 
United  States,  Canada.  Great  Britain,  and  France,  that  the  most  favorable  average  results  of  mortality  are  obtained.  It  grants  all 
desirable  forms  of  Life  Insurance  on  practical  plans  and  most  favorable  terms.  Its  systems  of  Insurance  are  based  upon  purest  business 
principles,  and  are  famous  for  their  complete  adaptability  to  the  requirements  of  the  age. 


Prospectus  and  pamphlets  furnished  free  upon  application  to  the  Home  Office  of  the 

Company  or  any  of  its  Agents. 


/ 


I 


!Ex  ICtbrtB 


SEYMOUR  DURST 


"t*  'Tort  nteuw  ^'im^e.rdam,  ojr  Je  Manhatans 


"When  you  leave,  please  leave  this  book 

Because  it  has  been  said 
"Sver'thing  comes  t'  him  who  waits 

Except  a  loaned  book." 


Avery  Architectural  and  Fine  Arts  Library 
Gift  of  Seymour  B.  Durst  Old  York  Library 


W^X\<  v<v<'! 


